Federal Funding of Astronomical Research (2000) / Chapter Skim
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4. Demographics
4. Demographics
Pages 16-25
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From page 16... ...
production, and publication statistics from the literature, including citations of funding sources. The committee also obtainer} the APS Division of Astrophysics membership list for l 998.
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, Summary Report 1996 Doctorate Recipientsfiom United States Universities, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1998; unpublished data from OSEP. percent of ~physics, even though 13 percent of the combined physics and astronomy Ph.D.s produced are in astronomy and astrophysics.)
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and indexes of the main journals. This information allowed fairly accurate classification of 85 to 90 percent of the sample.
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596 (99.5%) Discipline Summary Observational radio or SMM 13.7 ~ 1.5% 10.4 ~ 1.4% Observational IR 7.6 ~ 1.1% 5.7 ~ 1.0% Observational optical 36.5 ~ 2.4% 34.6 ~ 2.5% Observational UV 5.0 ~ 0.9% 6.5 ~ 1.1% Observational HEA 5.6 +0.9% 8.7 ~ 1.3% Experimental particles and fields 1.1 ~ 0.4% 1.3 ~ 0.5% Laboratory astrophysics 2.2 ~ 0.6% 2.2 ~ 0.6% Theory 23.8 ~ 1.9% 23.9 ~ 1.8% Administration 1.7 ~ 0.5% 3.5 ~ 0.~% Amateur or historian 2.6 ~ 0.6% 3.0 ~ 0.7% Aeronomy or atmospheric science 0.3 ~ 0.2% 0.4 ~ 0.3% Field Summary Planetary 15.0 ~ 1.6% 11.6 ~ 1.5% Solar 10.3 ~ 1.3% 10.7 ~ 1.4% Stellar 29.9 ~ 2.2% 25.4 ~ 2.2% ISM+the Galaxy 4.4 +0.8% 8.3 ~ 1.3% Galaxies+clusters 10.7 ~ 1.3% 12.2 t 1.6% Active galactic nuclei 10.5 ~ 1.3% 7.5 ~ 1.2% Star and planet formation 6.3 ~ 1.0% 5.7 it 1.1% Instrumentation 5.5 ~ 0.9% 8.1 ~ 1.3% Cosmology 5.8 ~ 1.0% 8.7 ~ 1.3% Fundamental experimental 1.6 ~ 0.5% 1.8 ~ 0.6% Location Summary Research university 47.4 +2.7% 47.5 +2.8% College 8.4 ~ 1.1% 10.1 ~ 1.3% FFRDC or equivalent 9.9 ~ 1.2% 11.2 ~ 1.4% Government laboratory 18.8 ~ 1.7% 19.8 ~ 1.8% Private 3.8 ~ 0.8% 2.7 ~ 0.7% Industry 8.0 ~ 1.1% 6.0 ~ 1.0% Other (amateur, retired)
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Lastly, slightly less than 60 percent of all research astronomers as judged by their enrollment as filet members of the AAS are employed at colleges and universities, including both private and state; a little less than one-half are at research universities. Approximately 30 percent are employed at federally funded laboratories including NASA centers, the National Observatories, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO)
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From page 21... ...
The sample attempts to include planetary research by including Icarus, and highenergy or particle astrophysics by including Physical Review [esters and Physical Review D, but it is clearly not representative of solar research. It also slightly undersamples those fields that publish primarily in journals that appear more than once a month (Nature, the Astrophysical Journal, Physics Review D, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Science)
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Q Q ° .1 o .05 F .5: l .4 _ tn ,' 3 ~L o o . _ ~ .2 11 .1 o 1, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1, 1 1 1 1 1 1 / ~ ~ ~ - PL _ O , I I I I I i I I I, I I I I I I I I I I I, I I I I, I 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,, 1 1 1 1 1 _ ST -— _ r I I, I I I ~ I I I I I I rl—l—I—1= ~ IF~ I I I 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 Year FIGURE 4.3 Fraction of publications by field in 1 1 selected journals.
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NOTE: EA - experimental astrophysics; OH - observational high energy; Ol - observational inhered; OO - observational optical; ORobservational radio; OU - observational ultraviolet; and TH - theory.
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The strongest trend seen is the increasing role of foreign scientists, indicative of the increasing importance of international collaboration to the profession. Future tracking of these statistics may reveal longer-term trencis that are not yet apparent over a 1 5-year time base.
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NOTE: AG - active galactic nuclei; CO - cosmology; FM - fundamental measurements; GA - galaxies; IM - interstellar matter; IN instrumentation; PL - planetary; SF - star formation; SO - solar; and ST - stellar.
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