The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

5. Funding
Pages 26-51

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 26... ... This includes support for the observations, data analysis, and astronomical theory programs at NASA and for the inclividual investigator grants program of NSF. At NASA, funding for this category comes both from the data analysis (DA) Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Part of this relative change is due to small increments to the AST budget early in the decade for infrastructure, and a large part is due to the creation of new R&RA programs and new priorities at NSF including the MRE construction line, which is separate from MPS or AST. Note that some funding for astrophysics, particularly for theory, atomic and molecular physics, submillimeter and {R astronomy at the South Pole, and solar physics, comes from outside the AST budget (primarily from the NSF MPS, OPP (Office of Polar Programs) Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... b Other NSF funding for astronomy from the MPS Directorate, OPP, and OMA. c Total astronomy percent. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... The total NSF R&D budget is taken from the AAAS summary and includes NSF R&RA plus MRE construction funding (hence, the R&D label) ; the AST and MPS budgetary figures are from those NSF units. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... .. 6,315 6,820 6,315 6,820 1993 8,572 7,883 8,572 7,883 8,702 8,066 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 8,702 8,066 7,100 7,980 5,938 1,355 617 7,910 7,300 2~450 9,550 208 8,188 Extragalactic 6,318 6,748 7,319 6,673 8,462 7,117 6,625 7,237 7,775 Galactic 3,558 3,695 3,834 3,683 3,990 3,557 3,560 4,115 3,800 Planetary 1,137 1,058 1,068 537 1,461 1,499 1,280 1,812 1,718 Particle _ 5 Stellar 5,161 5,512 6,020 6,213 6,278 6,381 5,999 6,145 6,417 STC 2,058 2,050 2,300 2,442 2,544 2,540 2,540 2,540 2,108 CDP 1,052 � ESP7 � 1,993 1,937 2,388 3,316 4,139 KDI 448 LEXEN � 580 Total research 19,284 19,062 20,541 19,547 24,728 23,031 22,392 25,745 26,410 26,000 University radio 7,001 7,634 8,038 8,538 7,270 7,055 7,055 7,440 7,000 NRAO 30,204 31,108 34,465 29,215 29,021 29,370 30,005 30,000 30,513 31,840 NAIC 6,219 8,532 10,903 9,475 8,640 7,709 8,292 8,265 8,265 8,950 RSM 100 98 118 95 82 90 89 93 197 NOAO 24,402 25,524 28,386 27,461 27,740 26,700 270,182 27,630 27,891 29,000 Gemini _ _ _ � � 3.600 5.100 6.250 7.130 operations Total 67,926 72,896 81,910 74,784 72,753 70,924 76,059 78,528 80,116 84,600 operations Undistributedi' AST total 249 644 1 477 31 60 50 302 266 294 ,700 93,774 99,422 112,500 102,245 106,243 102,071 108,303 112,727 114,730 118,600 VLBA 10,700 10,300 8,700 Gemini 4,000 12,000 14,070 17,013 41,000 � 4,000 ALMA design 9,000 9,000 and development GBT Total construction _ 69~520 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1O,700 83.820 20,700 14,070 17,013 41.000 � - - 13.000 NOrl~E: Acronyms are defined in Appendix 1-3. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... programs reserve. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... ciuring the middle of the decade in operations support for the national radio and optical observatories an(l the university radio observatories, although the downward trend of the first five years of the decade was reversed in the last four. The slight bump in the operations budgets in 1992 was due to funds provided to NRAO and the National Astronomy and 32 Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... Even with the inclusion of these programs, research grants to individual investigators accounted for less than 22 percent of the NSF astronomy budget. NSF funding for instrumentation seas basically flat in 1997 dollars during the l 990s~ with the exception of a one-year increment in 1996 for the facility instrumentation program. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... Note that, including operations for the national and university radio observatories ant! grants funding, slightly less than half of the NSF AST budget during the 1 990s was used to support groundbased radio astronomy. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... The NSF also funds university radio facilities (Haystack, Owens Valley fOVROl, Caltech Submillimeter Observatory fCSO] , Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory fFCRAO] Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 28,185,072 48,986,209 2,209,949 2,373,144 54,425,745 42,099,982 84,893,288 4,117,071 1,027,993 1,064,334,988 1.9 3.4 0.2 0.2 3.7 2.9 5.8 0.3 0.] 73.1 TABLE 5.8 Integrated NSF Astronomy Grants, FY 1986 to FY 1997 Description National observatories University radio observatories Center for Particle Astrophysics Administrative, computers, meetings Lab or experimental astrophysics Experimental particles and fields X-ray and gamma ray Observational IR Observational optical Observational radio Observational UV Theory Total NO1 E,: Acronyms are defined in Appendix 11. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... BOO 500 400 A ~ 300 He 200 100 o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - NSF AST PROPOSALS Received ~ Funded ~d l l l l l l l l l l l l 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 es os 97 98 oo Year FIGURE 5.4 Overall number of proposals received and fended by NSF AST during the 11-year period from 1988 to 1999. SOURCE: NSF Division of Astronomical Sciences. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... Overall, inflation-adjusted grant sizes remained fairly constant. Finally, Figure 5.8 shows the average fraction of successful proposals for research and instrumentation grants in the AST compared to the NSF average for competitive grants. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... SOURCE: NSF Division of Astronomical Sciences. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... Approximately one-third of this funding supported individual research grants, with the balance supporting major ground-based facilities. The net result has been an increasing pressure on the grants programs, with oversubscription rates of nearly 4:1 in most programs for grants of $65,000 per year. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... Table 5.7 also shows that a single space mission, Hubble, accounts for more than one-third of all NASA support ($31 .6 million) , which by itself exceeds the total NSF grants program and also exceeds the total NASA astronomy R&A program. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... TABLE 5.9 NASA Grants-FY 1993 Award Snapshot Proposals Grants Observing Programs Funding Awarded (dollars) ASCA Cycle 1 248 70 1,021,863 EWE Cycle 1 141 81 2,267,878 CGRO Cycle 3 251 149 4,645,683 HST Cycle 2 427 123 9,104,225 IUE Cycle 16 242 128 143,000 ROSAT Cycle 4 371 231 3 697 373 1,680 782 20,880,022 Non-observing Programs (Multiyear) Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... TABLE 5. l ~ NASA Theory Program Funding History, 1987 to 1997 Total Budget Total Budget Total Budget Year Requested Approved Approved No. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... The NSF also provides some operating funds for four private radio observatories: Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory, and the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Array. National Optical Astronomy Observatories NOAO operates telescopes at three sites: Kitt Peak, near Tucson, Arizona; Cerro Tololo, near La Serena, Chile; and Sacramento Peak, near Clou~croft, New Mexico. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... The solar facilities include three telescopes at Sacramento Peak, New Mexico, and three telescopes at Kitt Peak, Arizona. Solar telescopes are run in a somewhat different manner from nighttime telescopes, with some fraction of the time used for synoptic observations carrier! Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... near Socorro, New Mexico; the Very Long Baseline Array; and the 12-meter telescope on Kitt Peak near Tucson, Arizona. In addition, the 100-meter Green Bank Telescope will begin operation in 2000. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... Facility instrumentation comes from NSF funding. Seventy-five percent of the time on the ] Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... After the servicing mission, Cycles 4, 5, and 6 show the effects of the greatly improved throughput, with proposal oversubscription dropping to a factor of approximately 2.5. Cycle 7, anticipating the NICMOS and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrometer (STIS) Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... calls for a decrease of 10 to 20 percent in basic research support over the first thee years of operations, a substantial tax on individual investigators. Compton Gamma Ray Observatory The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory was launched in April 1991 . Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... In that strategy a vigorous facility instrumentation program was recommender} to the NSF. This program was intended for the indepenclent observatories with large telescopes. Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... a Costs are the total construction and current integrated instrumentation budgets, including the U.S. share. Read the entire page →

From page 26...

... This includes support for the observations, data analysis, and astronomical theory programs at NASA and for the inclividual investigator grants program of NSF. At NASA, funding for this category comes both from the data analysis (DA)

5. Funding Pages 26-51

5. Funding
Pages 26-51