Protecting Those Who Serve Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces (2000) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces: Analytical Framework for Assessing Risks--Executive Summary
Appendix B: Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces: Analytical Framework for Assessing Risks--Executive Summary
Pages 45-53
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From page 45... ...
In addition, the military's responsibility in examining potential health and safety risks to its troops is increasing, and the spectrum of health concerns is broadening, from acute illness and injury due to pathogens and accidents to possible influences of low-level chemical exposures, which can manifest themselves in reproductive health and chronic illnesses years later, perhaps even after cessation of military service. Some well-publicized cases have led to scrutiny of the military's procedures for identifying potential hazards and for collecting the information on hazards, exposure, and health-status surveillance that is necessary to detect and monitor threats to the troops' health and welfare.
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From page 46... ...
review and evaluate technology and methods for physical protection and decontamination, particularly of chemical and biological agents, and (4) review and evaluate medical protection, health consequences management and treatment, and medical record keeping.
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From page 47... ...
The framework recommended herein expands the scope of the paradigm, by showing that the structure can address not only toxic chemicals, but also such other threats as risks of microbial infections, mechanical failures, transportation accidents, and tactical threats. The particular technical methods will vary with the nature of the threat under analysis, and the framework includes ways of modifying standard approaches to be applicable to military situations.
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From page 48... ...
It is provisionally suggested that they should include minimizing the impact of disease and non-battle-related injuries, developing a straightforward and systematic program to address risks and executing the program efficiently, diligently and competently addressing health and safety threats, integrating risk awareness and the appropriate weighing of risks and benefits into decision-making, improving the ability to characterize risks posed by past exposures, and doing all the foregoing in the light of cost and effects on military capability and effectiveness. The recommended framework attempts to bring the methodology of risk assessment to bear on these objectives.
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From page 49... ...
forces is composed of three phases, which are characterized by the timeline of deployment: ongoing, deployment, and post-deployment (see Table B- 1~. Ongoing Strategic Preparation The ongoing strategic baseline preparation phase of the framework involves all the activities and analyses undertaken to prepare for threats in future deployments.
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From page 50... ...
are reviewed, and threats with notable exposure patterns are examined. Potential threats can be identified by constructing deployment scenarios and placing hazards in three categories: those associated with deployment-specific activities (such as heat stress)
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From page 51... ...
Over the course of the deployment, various kinds of information should be collected periodically (with the extent of the activity depending on the deployment specifics) : environmental samples to document changes in environmental concentrations, information on unit activities and positions, and information collected by monitors and detectors.
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From page 52... ...
What will make the framework most useful is not the execution of each of its elements, however competently done, but rather the systematic approach to the process of assessing threats to deployed troops and incorporating the results of each element of analysis into an integrated program that addresses the overall objectives of the troop health protection program. In implementing the framework, DoD should · Develop an explicit list of objectives, such as those described in this report, for efforts to protect the health and safety of deployed forces and to periodically assess progress in meeting the objectives.
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From page 53... ...
· Make special efforts to identify previously unrecognized hazards by examining deployment activities and settings for potential threats and by identifying scenarios that might lead to hazardous exposures. · As an aid to decision-making in emergencies related to particular hazardous substances, compile and make readily accessible the exposure levels and durations at which people are expected to begin to suffer progressively severe effects.
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