An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories Fiscal Year 2000 (2000) / Chapter Skim
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Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory
Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory
Pages 71-104
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4 Cbomic~1 Scic~cc mad ~cbnology L~or~ory 77
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Garrison, and its Vice Chair, James W Serum, this assessment of the fiscal year 2000 activities of the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory is based on site visits by individual panel members, a formal meeting of the panel on February 29-March 1, 2000, in Gaithersburg, Md., and documents provided by the laboratory.
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The CSTL staff are dedicated to providing standards that strengthen the vertical traceability structure of measurement in the United States. For example, during fiscal year 1999, CSTL provided 53 percent of NIST' s Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)
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. The Analytical Chemistry Division has provided much of the leadership on this effort; additional information on these activities can be found in the divisional reports below.
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As of January 2000, staffing for the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory included 275 full-time permanent positions, of which 235 were for technical professionals. There were also 117 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, such as postdoctoral research associates and part-time workers.
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CSTL's ability to do world-class measurements is clearly affected by the caliber of the facilities, equipment, and human resources allocated to its projects. In 1999, the Analytical Chemistry and Biotechnology Divisions relocated into the new Advanced Chemical Sciences Laboratory.
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This mission is particularly challenging in light of the rapid growth of biotechnology. Technical Merit and Appropriateness of Work The Biotechnology Division continues many well-targeted and high-quality programs in the areas of DNA technologies, bioprocess engineering, structural biology, biomolecular materials, and bioinformatics.
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staffing for the Biotechnology Division included 35 full-time permanent positions, of which 31 were for
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Process Measurements Division Division Mission According to division documentation, the mission of the Process Measurements Division is to develop and provide measurement standards and services, measurement techniques, recommended practices, sensing technology, instrumentation, and mathematical models required for analysis, control, and optimization of industrial processes. The division's research seeks fundamental understanding of chemical process technology and generates pertinent critical data in support of this goal.
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Further evidence of continuing review of projects and resource allocation was seen in the redeployment of staff, with good matches between skills and newly assigned tasks. The Fluid Science Group was reassigned to the Process Measurements Division from the Physical and Chemical Properties Division.
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The Fluid Flow Group continues to make strong contributions to process measurements of fluid flows. The new leader of the Fluid Flow Group was promoted from within the group after the former leader filled the newly created position of deputy chief of the Process Measurements Division.
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A related effort to provide benchmark data for fire models should attract postdoctoral research associates and thus partially relieve a staffing shortage. The group successfully identified three stable glass compositions that have now been qualified as candidate laser Raman fluorescence standards.
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As of January 2000, staffing for the Process Measurements Division included 57 full-time permanent positions, of TABLE 4.3 Sources of Funding for the Process Measurements Division (in millions of dollars) , FY 1997 to FY 2000 Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Source of Funding 1997 (actual)
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Extension of CRDS to semiconductor process monitoring collaborations at the University of Maryland explores yet another use of this technolocy. The Microscale Analytical Laboratory project is a cross-divisional and cross-laboratory effort · ~ · , 1 ~1 · ~ ~ · 1 ~ 1 ~ T 1 , , 1 ~ ~ r , · TO · · T 1 Involving the (chemical Science and technology Laboratory, the Manufacturing L;ng~neer~ng Laboratory, and the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory.
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Surface and Microanalysis Science Division Division Mission According to division documentation, the mission of the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division is to promote U.S. economic growth, safety, health, and environmental quality by working with industry, other government agencies, and standards organizations to develop and apply key technologies, measurements, and standards for spatially and temporally resolved chemical characterization.
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The panel encourages the division to continue to tie quantitative goals to staff development plans. Technical Merit and Appropriateness of Work The Surface and Microanalysis Science Division continues to perform world-class research on the spatial and temporal distribution of chemical species in a wide variety of heterogeneous systems.
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~ , , i' ~ ~ , r , ~ Because its unique expertise is complementary to the broad spectrum of atmospheric aerosol measurements, to have significant impact the group must collaborate with the existing community of atmospheric scientists. The Atmospheric Chemistry Group has also identified and created needed reference materials to provide traceability for environmental measurements.
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Examples of their projects include the commercialization of microcalorimeter and silicon drift detectors for high-sensitivity and high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy; development of new visualization standard reference data for the practical measurement and development of spectral curve-fitting methods; and accurate isotopic and chemical measurements of particulate carbon. Overall, the panel continues to be impressed with the technical achievements of the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division.
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industry are appropriate and fair. The panel encourages the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division to further strengthen its efforts to make concrete assessments of the impact of all aspects of its work.
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As of January 2000, staffing for the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division included 36 full-time permanent positions, of which 33 were for technical professionals. There were also 15 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, such as postdoctoral research associates and part-time workers.
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The panel encourages CSTL management to improve laboratory space, especially for the Atmospheric Chemistry Group, as soon as possible. Physical and Chemical Properties Division Division Mission According to division documentation, the mission of the Physical and Chemical Properties Division is to promote U.S.
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The current program portfolio indicates that these mechanisms provide effective input to priority setting and to project selection and continuation. Technical Merit and Appropriateness of Work The Physical and Chemical Properties Division conducts work of unsurpassed quality in making fundamental measurements of thermophysical and thermochemical properties.
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~upportec from the CSTL Director's Reserve, group scientists have developed the highly original and novel isopotential mapping computational method for the discovery of reaction paths. The Experimental Kinetics and Thermodynamics Group develops and uses state-of-the-art measurement techniques to obtain kinetic and thermodynamic properties of industrially and environmentally important chemical species and materials and to determine the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions in the gas and liquid phases.
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Currently, the group is also extending its measurement capability to include partially characterized systems such as lubricants and petroleum fractions. The Theory and Modeling of Fluids Group performs theoretical and computational research on the thermophysical properties of industrially important fluids and fluid mixtures and continues to provide comprehensive and evaluated Standard Reference Data and electronic databases for the properties of commercially important fluids and fluid mixtures.
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The panel encourages division management to develop systematic criteria and a process for the selection, periodic review, and phasing out of databases. Impact of Programs The Physical and Chemical Properties Division's groups are making a strong, well-directed effort to convey their results to the scientific and engineering communities.
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The situation is expected to improve as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) personnel vacate space in Building 1, but the additional space has TABLE 4.5 Sources of Funding for the Physical and Chemical Properties Division (in millions of dollars)
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; research on the computational prediction of molecular electron impact ionization cross sections; methods for chemical structure prediction; long-range interactions in alkali diatomics associated with atom-atom collisions at low temperatures; and vibrational spectroscopy of reactive intermediates (interactions with the Physics Laboratory) ; investigations on statistical comparisons of enthalpy of adsorption data; use of the ANSYS for computational fluid dynamics, and work on the latest release of the REFPROP database program (interactions with the Information Technology Laboratory)
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Research activities in the division focus on chemical measurements made by high-performance analytical tools and techniques such as mass spectrometry, microsampling or detection technologies, state-of-the-art separation methods, classical analytical methods, gas metrology, nuclear analytical methods, organic analytical methods, and spectrochemical measurement methods. These programs are carried out within five groups: the Spectrochemical Methods Group, the Organic Analytical Methods Group, the Gas Metrology and Classical Methods Group, the Molecular Spectrometry and Microfluidic Methods Group, and the Nuclear Methods Group.
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Calibration of mass spectrometers used for high-molecularweight species is relatively difficult. The Organic Analytical Methods Group is developing calibration standards consisting of proteins produced by bacteria grown in 13C- and ~8O-depleted conditions.
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The Analytical Chemistry Division should try to identify at least one such additional new core competency area in 2000. The Nuclear Analytical Methods Group continues to provide a comprehensive array of nuclear analytical techniques supporting a variety of U.S.
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It formed collaborations with industrial companies in microfluidic devices. Partnering was also initiated with the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory and with the Biotechnology Division.
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As of January 2000, staffing for the Analytical Chemistry Division included 68 full-time permanent positions, of which 62 were for technical professionals. There were also 33 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, such as postdoctoral research associates and part-time workers.
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These complex samples require an increase in effort in the Analytical Chemistry Division that can come only with increased funding. The Analytical Chemistry Division moved into new facilities in the Advanced Chemical Sciences Laboratory (ACSL)
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The new space in ACSL is an excellent tool that has improved productivity. · The panel is pleased to see that CSTL leadership continues to improve administration and management of the NTRM Program and urges that these efforts continue.
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