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Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference (2000) / Chapter Skim
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Defining Phenotype in Genetically Engineered Mice
Pages 130-131

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From page 130...
... to define clearly the difference among "genotype," "phenotype," and "dramatype." Dramatype, which is an altered function of the organism induced by changes in the environment and phenomena seen in the disease state, is the most important characteristic of laboratory animals. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT The following two examples of genetically engineered mice have been developed as useful laboratory animals in the biomedical field: the TgPVR21 mouse (poliovirus receptor transgenic mouse)
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From page 131...
... collaborative study of TgPVR21, 1 st phase 1995-1997: WHO collaborative study of TgPVR21, 2nd phase 1997-1999: WHO collaborative study of TgPVR21, 3rd phase 1999: Approval of neurovirulence test of oral poliovirus vaccine alternative for monkeys by WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization ras H2 Mouse (Human Proto-ras Transgenic Mouse) 1988: Establishment of human proto-ras gene transgenic mouse 1990-1992: Backcrossing and establishment of congenics 1992-1996: Validation study for carcinogenicity testing in Japan (Yamamoto and others 1998)
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Key Terms

  • engineered mice
  • laboratory animals
  • poliovirus receptor
  • receptor transgenic
  • transgenic mouse

  • poliovirus vaccine
  • rapid carcinogenicity
  • oral poliovirus
  • carcinogenicity testing
  • laboratory animal

  • defining phenotype
  • transgenic mice
  • engineered animal
  • neurovirulent testing
  • engineered animals

  • vaccine alternative
  • validation study
  • testing drugs
  • candidate animals
  • useful laboratory

  • human prototype
  • disease state
  • bioassay model
  • human proto
  • neurovirulence test

  • altered function
  • novel laboratory
  • mice carrying
  • human disease
  • organism induced


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