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Opportunities for Environmental Applications of Marine Biotechnology Proceedings of the October 5-6, 1999, Workshop (2000) / Chapter Skim
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Policy Considerations for Advancing Marine Biotechnology
Pages 18-24

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From page 18...
... This research will be summarized in the Center's forthcoming book titled Policy Issues in the Development of Marine Biotechnology (Cicin-Sain and others 2000) , which will contain components such as surveys of industry scientists and company representatives, evaluation of both the national and international policy frameworks that affect marine biotechnology, ways to structure relationships between industry and government to advance the field, and evaluation of public perceptions of the industry and biotechnology products.
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From page 19...
... It has broken new ground in international norms governing access to genetic resources by articulating the concept of regulating access to genetic resources to harness market incentives for the conservation of genetic information. In Article 15, Access to Genetic Resources, the Convention explicitly states that nations have sovereignty over their own genetic resources: "Recognizing the sovereign rights of States over their natural resources, the authority to determine access to genetic resources rests with the national governments and is subject to national legislation" (UNCED 1993, p.
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From page 20...
... This Convention supports the rights of nations to utilize and exploit marine resources within national waters; nonetheless, it also calls for "necessary measures" to ensure the ecological balance of the marine environment, both in areas under national jurisdiction and on the high seas (Vargas 1997~. Article 246, Section 3, stipulates that coastal States should grant consent for other States to carry out marine scientific research for the purpose of increasing scientific knowledge to benefit all mankind.
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From page 21...
... To date, the use of such agreements in the marine environment has been limited, and marine resource collection is generally treated under UNCLOS provisions relating to marine scientific research. As new frameworks are developed, however, it is feasible that a coastal State could pass legislation stipulating conditions of access to its marine resources throughout the Exclusive Economic Zone.
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From page 22...
... Deep sea hydrothermal vents, home to many potentially industrially valuable microorganisms, exist not only in national waters, but also in areas where national jurisdiction is not clearly established, either because of conflicting claims or because the area is beyond national jurisdiction and falls within the purview of common heritage of mankind. Although access to resources in these areas is currently dependent on the availability of deep-sea technologies, it could, in the future, depending on the location of the vent area, be subject to Coastal State regulation by the Coastal State or by an international governing authority.
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From page 23...
... The most notable clashes between the public and the biotechnology industry have involved concerns voiced regarding field testing of genetically engineered microbial pesticides, levels of bovine growth hormone in dairy products, and genetically engineered agricultural products. It may be, however, that these concerns arose from perceived levels of risk resulting from a lack of scientific understanding or from inadequate communication between the industry and the public sector (Fleising 1991~.
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From page 24...
... New York: United Nations Department of Public Information. UNCLOS [United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea]
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Key Terms

  • genetic resources
  • marine biotechnology
  • marine resources
  • nations convention
  • national jurisdiction

  • biodiversity convention
  • marine environment
  • national waters
  • seabed authority
  • international seabed

  • biotechnology products
  • marine scientific
  • international waters
  • biotechnology industry
  • beyond national

  • policy framework
  • exclusive economic
  • resource access
  • coastal states
  • benefits arising

  • field testing
  • economic zone
  • public perceptions
  • nations conference
  • genetically engineered

  • marine resource
  • unclos provisions
  • marine genetic
  • sovereign rights
  • diversity conservation


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