Opportunities for Environmental Applications of Marine Biotechnology Proceedings of the October 5-6, 1999, Workshop (2000) / Chapter Skim
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Spilled Oil Bioremediation
Spilled Oil Bioremediation
Pages 34-43
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From page 34... ...
The sediment in these contaminated harbors typically has a very small aerobic layer where you can see the oxidized iron; however, there is no oxygen under those few centimeters in this sticky, mucky, smelly anaerobic anoxic sediment. This means that if the levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
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From page 35... ...
We know they can carry out certain novel degradation reactions, but we do not yet know whether this process is relevant to the environment. The anaerobic organisms found in that large reservoir of anoxic sediment do not use oxygen but can use other inorganic electronic acceptors
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From page 36... ...
In one case, we looked to see whether contaminated sediment from the New York-New lersey harbor contained anaerobic organisms that can degrade any of these polycyclic aromatic compounds. We first looked at naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, and then at some oxidized derivatives such as 1-naphthol and 1-naphthalalene.
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From page 37... ...
as carbon and could use these electron acceptors for respiration, then we would eventually see activity. Among the real PAHs (not the oxidized derivatives)
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From page 38... ...
We have also been able to show that the carboxylation of the naphthalene occurs through an inorganic carbonate addition to the molecule, using a stable isotope Cl3-carbonate in solution. After incubation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, we showed this carboxylaTABLE 2.
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From page 39... ...
The fragmentation ion of m/e 229 is the result of the loss of a -CH3 group (244 -15 = 229~; the fragmentation ion of m/e 185 is from the loss of a -CH3 group and a -COO group (244 - 59 = 185~; the fragmentation ion of m/e 155 is from the loss of an -OSi(CH3~3 group (244 - 89 = 155~; and the fragmentation ion of m/e 127 is from the loss of a -COOSi(CH3~3 group (244 -117 = 127~. The identification of the 2-NA metabolites in panels B and C is based on comparison of the GC retention time of the derivatized standard for 2-NA (10.41 min)
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From page 40... ...
It may also be helpful to review some of the results we have on anaerobic alkane biodegradation. In a manner similar to the PAHs, we initially used alkane as the sole carbon source and observed whether activity occurred with any of the anaerobic electron acceptors.
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From page 41... ...
This question is not as straightforward. When we looked for anaerobic toluene and benzene degradation in anoxic-contaminated sediments or in anoxic pristine sediments, our data indicated that the toluene loss and benzene loss occur in the contaminated sediments, but not under the same conditions as in the pristine sediments (Figure 5~.
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From page 42... ...
Data from the three sites indicated that the oxygen was present in significantly lower concentrations compared with the pristine site; furthermore, the levels of oxygen in the contaminant plume is also lower than in the pristine site. In the plume, the potential for both aerobic and anaerobic activity exists.
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From page 43... ...
Huntley SL, Bonnevie NL, Wenning RJ. 1995 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in sediment from the Newark Bay estuary.
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