Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to SCIENTIFIC DATA IN CHINA
Summary of a Workshop
Paul F. Uhlir and Julie M. Esanu, Rapporteurs
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
Support for this project was provided by the National Institutes of Health (under Grant No. 467-MZ-400266), the National Science Foundation (under Grant No. GEO-0407487), and the Open Society Institute (under Grant No. 40006515). Additional support was provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese National Natural Science Foundation, the Committee on Data for Science and Technology, the International Council for Science, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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STEERING COMMITTEE ON STRATEGIES FOR PRESERVATION OF AND OPEN ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC DATA IN CHINA*
WILLIAM ANDERSON (Co-Chair),
Praxis101
XIAN’EN ZHANG (Co-Chair),
Ministry of Science and Technology of China
PETER ARZBERGER,
University of California, San Diego
ROBERT CHEN,
Center for International Earth Science Information Network
HUADONG GUO,
Department of International Cooperation, Chinese Academy of Sciences
HEATHER JOSEPH,
BioOne
CHUANG LIU,
Global Change Information and Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences
BAOPING YAN,
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Principal Project Staff
PAUL UHLIR, Project Director
JULIE ESANU, Program Officer
VALERIE THEBERGE, Communications Associate
AMY FRANKLIN, Program Associate
Representatives of Chinese Program Committee
JUN CHEN,
China Association for Geographical Information Systems
JIANGUO HAN,
National Natural Science Foundation of China
DINGCHENG HUANG,
Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
ZONGQI SHEN,
Ministry of Science and Technology of China
MIANZHEN TENG,
Ministry of Science and Technology of China
JINNING ZHU,
Chinese Association for Science and Technology
U.S. NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR CODATA
ROBERTA BALSTAD (Chair),
Center for International Earth Science Information Network
WILLIAM ANDERSON,
Praxis101
PETER ARZBERGER,
University of California, San Diego
KATE BEARD,
University of Maine
HELEN BERMAN,
Rutgers University
CHRISTINE BORGMAN,
University of California, Los Angeles
BONNIE CARROLL,
Information International Associates
JANET GOMON,
Smithsonian Institute*
SARA GRAVES,
University of Alabama, Huntsville
MYRON GUTMANN,
Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research
JAN HOPMANS,
University of California, Davis*
MAUREEN C. KELLY, Consultant*
GARY KING,
Harvard University*
REYNALDO MORALES,
Los Alamos National Laboratory, retired
KRISHNA RAJAN,
Iowa State University
JAMES SWEENEY, Consultant*
ALEXANDER SZALAY,
The Johns Hopkins University
Staff
Paul Uhlir, Director
Julie Esanu, Program Officer (until May 2005)
Amy Franklin, Program Associate
Preface
The U.S. National Committee for CODATA in collaboration with the Chinese National Committee for CODATA and the CODATA Task Group on Preservation of and Access to Scientific and Technical Data in Developing Countries, and together with the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, jointly organized an international workshop on “Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data.” Local logistical support and meeting planning was provided by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. The International Council for Scientific and Technical Information provided additional substantive expertise.
The workshop, which was held June 22-24, 2004, in Beijing, China, served as an international and interdisciplinary forum to promote a deeper understanding of, and requirements for, long-term preservation and open access to digital scientific information resources. The meeting was organized into seven sessions, each led by two co-chairs and including several invited presentations. The first two sessions introduced the workshop participants to the Chinese strategies and initiatives for implementing scientific data sharing. The following sessions explored the policy and legal, institutional and economic, management and technical, and local and regional issues in preserving and providing open access to data in the life sciences and public health; data in the earth and environmental sciences; and scientific information, journals, and digital libraries. This publication presents a summary of the workshop.
The statements made in this summary are those of the individual rapporteurs based on presentations made at the workshop and do not necessarily represent the views of the steering committee, the U.S. or Chinese National Committees for CODATA, or the sponsoring organizations in China or the United States. This volume does not contain summaries of all of the presentations.
Paul F. Uhlir
Director, U.S. National Committee for CODATA
Julie M. Esanu
Program Officer, U.S. National Committee for CODATA (until May 2005)
William L. Anderson
Praxis101
Planning Committee Co-Chair
Chuang Liu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Planning Committee Co-Chair
Acknowledgments
The U.S. National Committee for CODATA and the Board on International Scientific Organizations of the National Research Council of the National Academies wish to express their sincere thanks to the many individuals who played significant roles in planning the International Workshop on Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data. The Workshop Steering Committee was chaired by Xian’en Zhang, Ministry of Science and Technology, China, and William Anderson, Praxis101, United States. Additional members of the Steering Committee were Peter Arzberger, University of California at San Diego, United States; Jun Chen, China Association for Geographical Information Systems; Robert Chen, Columbia University, United States; Huadong Guo, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jianguo Han, National Natural Science Foundation, China; Dingcheng Huang, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Heather Joseph, BioOne, United States; Chuang Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zongqi Shen, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Mianzhen Teng, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Baoping Yan, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and Jinning Zhu, Chinese Association for Science and Technology.
We also would like to thank the following individuals (in order of appearance) who made presentations during the workshop (see Appendix A for symposium agenda): Jinpei Cheng, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Roberta Balstad, Columbia University, United States; William Anderson; Zhihong Xu; Xian’en Zhang; QIN Dahe, China Meteorological Administration; Depei Liu, Chinese Academy of Medicine, Chinese Acad-
emy of Engineering; Qiheng Hu, Chinese Association of Science and Technology; Yasuyiki Aoshima, UNESCO; Peter Schröder, Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science, The Netherlands; Carthage Smith, International Council for Science; Michael Clegg, U.S. National Academy of Sciences; Peter Weiss, U.S. National Weather Service; Raymond McCord, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States; Menas Kafatos, George Mason University, United States; Qinmin Wang, Fujian Province, China; Jun Chen, Basic Geographical Information Center, China; Jerome Reichman, Duke University Law School, United States; Paul Uhlir, U.S. National Academies; Panqin Chen, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tieqing Huang, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lan Zeng, National Macro Economic Research Institute, China; Jun Li, National Macro Economic Research Institute, China; John Willinsky, University of British Columbia, Canada; Chuang Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Belinda Seto, National Institutes of Health, United States; Yun Xiao, Chinese National Committee for CODATA; Shunbao Liao, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Theodore Carl Bergstrom, University of California at Santa Barbara, United States; Yixue Li, Shanghai Biomedical Center, China; Anne Linn, U.S. National Academies; Chengquan Sun, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zukang Feng, Protein Data Bank, United States; Helen Doyle, Public Library of Science, United States; Shuichi Iwata, University of Tokyo, Japan; Honglie Sun, CODATA; Ling Yin, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Yiyuan Tang, Dalian Polytech University, China; Baoyan Liu, Chinese Academy of Medicine; Donglie Qin, The Capital Hospital University, China; James Edwards, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Denmark; Xiaofeng Fu, Administrative Center for China’s Agenda 21; Khudulmar Sodov, National Remote Sensing Center, Mongolia; Dingsheng Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiansheng Qu, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhengxing Wang, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Paul Richards, Columbia University, United States; Raymond Willemann, GEM Technologies, United States; Dake Yang, China Earthquake Administration; Xiaolin Zhang, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lulama Makhubela, National Development Agency, South Africa; Liansheng Meng, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and Pippa Smart, International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications, United Kingdom.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Academies’ Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as
sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for quality and objectivity. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Heather Joseph, SPARC; Goetz Oertel, Consultant; John Rumble, Consultant; and Wang Zhengxing, Global Change Information and Research Center.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report, nor did they see the final draft before its release. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authors and the institution.
The U.S. National Committee for CODATA would like to recognize the contributions of National Research Council staff and consultants. Paul Uhlir, Director of International Scientific and Technical Information Programs, was project director of the symposium and served as the primary editor of this report. Julie Esanu helped to organize the symposium and edit the report. Valerie Theberge organized and coordinated the logistical arrangements, and Amy Franklin assisted with the production of the manuscript.
In addition, the committee would like to thank the other individuals who contributed to the success of the workshop: Wenneng Zhou, secretary-general of the local organizing committee, and Kathleen Cass, executive director of CODATA.
Contents
Presentations on China’s Scientific Data Sharing Policy and Project |
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The Development of China’s Scientific Data Sharing Policy, |
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Introduction to the China Scientific Data Sharing Project, |
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Trends in Development of International Scientific Data and Information, |
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Towards International Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding, |
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International Perspectives on Data and Information for Science, |
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Data Sharing in Scientific Databases of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, |
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The Data Sharing Policy of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, |
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Data Sharing Policy of the National Institutes of Health, |
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Introduction, |
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The Peculiar Economics of Scientific Information, |
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Launching an Open-Access Journal, |
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Involving the Private Sector in the Environmental Enterprise, |
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Introduction, |
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Operating a Twenty-First-Century Data Center, |
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Managing the Effects of Programmatic Scale and Enhancing Incentives for Data Archiving, |
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Managing the Effects of Change on Archiving Research Data, |
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Special Considerations for Archiving Data from Field Observations, |
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Toward a Balanced Performance Appraisal System in the Digital Era for Data Archiving and Sharing in China, |
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Earth Science Data and Information Management in Western China, |
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Data Integration and Management: The Protein Data Bank Perspective, |
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Examples of Life Sciences and Public Health Data Activities, |
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The Chinese Management and Sharing System of Scientific Data for Medicine, |
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International Medical Scientific Data Sharing, |
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China’s Contributions to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Neuroinformatics Data Sharing Initiative, |
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Long-Term Studies of Human Anatomy Using the Digital Human and Scientific Data Sharing, |
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The Protein Data Bank: A Key Biological Resource, |
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The Safeguarding and Sharing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Database Resources, |