Research Needs Associated with Particulate Emissions at Airports (2008)

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21 The following five topics identify the most pressing research needs and all are of comparable priority. Some sequencing of projects will be required to address the knowl- edge gaps most efficiently; however, the information gained from these proposed research areas is needed to complete airport PM inventories with commonly acceptable confi- dence levels. Chapter 8 proposes two separate research proj- ects and a synthesis report, describing rationale and estimated cost, to address several of these needs. The other research needs described in Chapter 8 are being addressed in research sponsored by other organizations. • Broader Engine Emissions Database – Studies to correlate aircraft engine emissions to engine age and maintenance history (critical role for airlines) – Studies to correlate fuel composition to PM production – APU emissions database for PM – Role of lubrication oils in aircraft PM emissions • PM Evolution Studies – Measurements – Modeling  Link emissions datasets to local and regional air qual- ity models – Laboratory simulations • Develop Means of Estimating Relative Contributions of Aircraft and Other PM Sources to Airport PM Inventory – Inputs to models for PM inventory predictions focused on coupling operations to emissions data and on a sys- tematic study of the PM emissions of the most advanced turbofan technology, GSE, APUs, and piston-engine aircraft – Evaluation of aircraft PM emissions data to possibly develop chemical or other markers or fingerprints for aircraft – Size number, mass, and compositional studies for aircraft brake and tire PM emissions, including possibly markers or fingerprints – Size number, mass, and compositional studies for other airport sources, particularly GSE and APUs, including possibly chemical or other markers/fingerprints • Methodology Development – Measurement methods for volatile PM properties to be developed (density, evolution, and sampling system, etc.) – Measurement methods for nonvolatile PM properties to be refined • Health Impacts – Health impacts of nonvolatile PM as a function of size, number, and composition – Health impacts of volatile PM as a function of size, number, and composition – Organic speciation relative to carcinogens and other toxic compounds for volatile and coated nonvolatile PM C H A P T E R 7 Needed Research