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88 Questionnaire on PFC, Conventional OGFC, and Similar Materials PART 1: General Use and Structural Design A. General Use 1. Do you currently use OGFC? If your answer is No, please continue the survey and provide your input wherever you deem important. 2. Based on the above descriptions of PFC and ACFC, which term best describes your OGFC mix? If other, please explain. 3. What is your approximate volume of use per year? 4. On what type of roadways do you use OGFC? 5. What are the factors involved in selection of OGFC for a roadway? 6. Are there limitations on where OGFC is used (for example: elevation, temperature, speed, geometry, etc.)? 7. Are there any other comments on general use of OGFC? B. Structural Design 1. Do you assign any structural value to the OGFC layer? 2. If answer to the above question is Yes, how do you estimate structural value? If other, please explain: 3. Do you specify a single lift thickness for all OGFC layers? 4. If the answer to the above question is No, what factors are involved in selecting lift thickness (for example: maximum aggregate size, rainfall intensity, pavement classification, traffic level, etc.)? PART 2: Mix Design Mix Design A. Aggregates 1. Can you provide your current gradation requirements for OGFC? 2. Please rank from 1 to 7 the following aggregate character- istics for use in OGFC in order of their importance, 1 being the most important. B. Asphalt Binder 1. What grade of asphalt binder do you specify? 2. Are there other tests that you specify for asphalt binders other than those required in grading a sample? What is your reason for specifying other tests (e.g., ensure a certain poly- mer, ensure polymer is added, etc.)? C. Stabilizing Additives 1. Do you specify stabilizing additives (for example: fibers, polymers, crumb rubber, etc.) to reduce the potential for draindown? 2. If the answer to the above question is Yes, what type of stabilizing additive do you require? 3. If you specify fibers, what type and percentage do you require? 4. Do you specify certain polymer modifiers in asphalt binders? If so, do you specify a certain type (for example: SBR, SBS, SB, EVA, etc.)? 5. Do you specify crumb rubber in asphalt binders? If so, what type and what manufacturing process do you specify? D. Mix Design 1. Do you use laboratory compaction during mix design? 2. If yes, what compaction method (e.g., Marshall, Super- pave gyratory compactor, etc.) and compactive effort (e.g., 50 blows per face, 50 gyrations, etc.) do you use? 3. Do you include draindown testing within the mix design procedure? If yes, what method do you specify (e.g., draindown basket, Schellenberger, etc.) and what are the requirements? 4. Do you include permeability testing within the mix design procedure? If yes, what method do you specify and what are the requirements? 5. Do you specify other laboratory performance tests during mix design (e.g., Cantabro Abrasion loss, Voids in Coarse Aggregate, permanent deformation testing, moisture susceptibility test, permeability, etc.) and what are the requirements? A P P E N D I X A Questionnaire on PFC, Conventional OGFC, and Similar Materials
89 6. If you specify the tensile strength ratio test for moisture susceptibility, how many freeze-thaw cycles do you utilize to condition the samples? 7. Please provide any other comments on materials and mix design for OGFC? PART 3: Construction A. Production 1. How do you specify OGFC? 2. What type of plants are used to produce OGFC? 3. Do you require a longer mixing time for OGFC mixes than for dense-graded mixes? 4. Do you have a maximum and/or minimum temperature requirement for mixing? 5. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. 6. Do you have a limit on silo storage time? 7. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. B. Transportation 1. Do you limit haul distances? 2. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. 3. Do you require insulated trucks? 4. Do you specify tarping of trucks? 5. Do you require heated trucks? 6. Do you specify a minimum temperature when the truck reaches the paving site? 7. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. 8. Do you allow the use of release agents? 9. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. C. Laydown/Compaction 1. Do you require a Material Transfer Vehicle? 2. Do you require a tack coat on the underlying layer? 3. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify type and rate, with units. 4. Do you require a calibrated distributor truck to apply the tack coat? 5. Do you require any other techniques to ensure an imper- meable underlying layer besides using tack coat (for exam- ple: seal coat, paving fabric, SAMI, etc.)? 6. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. 7. Do you have a minimum specified air and/or surface temperature for placing OGFC? 8. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. 9. How do you specify compaction of OGFC layer? 10. Do you specify a certain type of roller? 11. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. 12. Do you allow tacking of the vertical face of longitudinal joints? D. Quality Control/Quality Assurance 1. What tests do you require for Quality Control/Quality Assurance of OGFC? E. General Construction Issues 1. What materials do you utilize for OGFC pavement markings? 2. Do you construct rumble strips at the OGFC pavement edge? 3. Have you experienced any distress related to pavement markings and rumble strips? If Yes, please explain. PART 4: Maintenance and Rehabilitation A. General Maintenance (Non-Winter Related) 1. What are your most common general maintenance issues for OGFC? 2. Do you have any regularly scheduled maintenance activi- ties specifically for OGFC? 3. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. 4. Do you employ maintenance activities to unclog OGFC pavements? 5. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. 6. Do you use any field test to identify when general mainte- nance activities are required? 7. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. 8. Do you patch OGFC? 9. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify the type of material you use (e.g., dense-graded HMA, OGFC, etc.). B. Winter Maintenance 1. Do you use any type of weather prediction system for winter maintenance activities? 2. What weather conditions (for example: air temperature, snow, rain, etc.) trigger winter maintenance? 3. What type(s) of snow and ice control chemicals do you use? 4. Do you employ anti-icing methodologies? 5. What are the typical spread rates for snow and ice control chemicals for your dense graded mixes? 6. What are the typical spread rates for snow and ice control chemicals for your OGFC mixes? C. Rehabilitation 1. What typical problems trigger rehabilitation activities? 2. For the problems listed above, what are the typical rehabil- itation activities (for example: mill and replace)?
3. Are you aware of any known or perceived problem with any of the above maintenance/rehabilitation techniques of OGFC? 4. If answer to above question is Yes, please specify. PART 5: Performance 1. What is the estimated average service life of OGFC? 2. What are common distresses in OGFC and which one is the most common? 3. Please rank the following performance characteristics from 1 to 7 in terms of their importance, 1 being the most important. 4. What tests/equipment have you used to measure perfor- mance quality characteristics (laboratory or field)? 5. Has your agency conducted life cycle cost analysis for OGFC? 90
