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31. San Filippo, W. K. and H. DeLong. Engineered Materials Arresting System (EMAS): An Alternative Solution to Runway Overruns. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. 32. Rastegar, J. S. and J. G. Qiaode. Roadway for Decelerating and/or Accelerating a Vehicle Including an Aircraft. U.S. Patent 6,969,213, 2005. 33. Barsotti, M. A. Optimization of a Passive Aircraft Arrestor with a Depth-Varying Crushable Material Using a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Model. Graduate Thesis, University of Texas at San Antonio, 2008. 34. Angley, R. D. et al. Arresting Material Test Apparatus and Meth- ods. U.S. Patent 5,789,681, August 4, 1998. 35. Zodiac ESCO. EMAS: Design Report for Fort LauderdaleâHollywood Airport R/W 9L. Logan Township, NJ: Zodiac ESCO, 2005. 36. Pittsburgh Corning. Brochure: FOAMGLAS Insulation. Pittsburgh Corning, 2005. Number FG-3 20M. Rev 11/05. 37. Norsk Glassgjenvinning AS. Brochure: Glasopor, Konstruksjonspel- lets for framtiden, Produktinfo. Norsk Glassgjenvinning AS, 2006. 38. Norsk Glassgjenvinning AS. Glasopor Product Specification. 180107. Norsk Glassgjenvinning AS, n.d. 39. Bell, N., Y. Yu, and P. J. Mucha. Particle-Based Simulation of Gran- ular Materials. Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, 2005. 40. Zodiac ESCO. Energy Absorbers. Zodiac ESCO. http://www.esco. zodiac.com/index.cfm/navid-30. Accessed July 1, 2009. 41. Zodiac ESCO. Barrier Nets. Zodiac ESCO. http://www.esco.zodiac. com/index.cfm/navid-98. Accessed July 1, 2009. 42. Boeing. 737 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning. Renton, WA: The Boeing Company, 2005. 43. Norsk Glassgjenvinning AS. Glasopor. http://www.glasopor.no. 44. FAA. Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes. Wash- ington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration, 1997. CFR 14 Part 25. 45. Stapp, J. P. âHuman Tolerance to Deceleration.â American Journal of Surgery, 93(4), April 1957, pp. 734â40. 46. Latham, F. âLinear Deceleration Studies and Human Tolerance.â Clin. Sci. (Lond.), 17(1), February 1958, pp. 121â35. 47. Lewis, S. T. and J. P. Stapp. âHuman Tolerance to Aircraft Seat Belt Restraint.â J. Aviat. Med., 29(3), March 1958, pp. 187â96. 48. Hendler, E. âLinear Acceleration as a Survivable Hazard in Avia- tion.â J. Aviat. Med., 27(6), December 1956, pp. 495â501. 49. DeWeese, R. L. and D. M. Moorcraft. Evaluation of a Head Injury Criteria Component Test Device. Washington, D.C.: Office of Aero- space Medicine, 2004. DOT/FAA/AM-04/18. 50. Moseley, H. G. and A. F. Zeller. âRelation of Injury to Forces and Direction of Deceleration in Aircraft Accidents.â J. Aviat. Med., 2(10), October 1958, pp. 739â49. 51. NHTSA. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards: Occupant Crash Protection. Washington, D.C.: National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, Undated. 49 CFR Part 571.208. 52. FAA. Federal Aviation Regulation, Airworthiness Standards: Trans- port Category Airplanes. Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Ad- ministration, Undated. CFR 14 Section 25.662. 53. Zuidema, G. D. et al. âHuman Tolerance to Prolonged Accelera- tion.â J. Aviat. Med., 27(6), December 1956, pp. 469â481. 54. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Ventricular Tachycardia. Medline Plus. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000187.htm. 55. Stapp, J. P. âHuman Tolerance to Deceleration: Summary of 166 Runs.â J. Aviat. Med., 22(1), February 1951, pp. 42â5. 56. Stapp, J. P. âEffects of Mechanical Force on Living Tissue.â J. Aviat. Med., 26(4), August 1955, pp. 268â88. 57. Krishnamurthy, A. Current Concepts in Acceleration Physiology. India Society of Aerospace Medicine. www.isam-india.org. 58. Preston-Thomas, H. et al. âHuman Tolerance to Multistage Rocket Acceleration Curves.â J. Aviat. Med., 26(5), October 1955, pp. 390â98. 59. Zuidema, G. D. et al. âHuman Tolerance to Prolonged Acceleration.â J. Aviat. Med., 27(6), December 1956, pp. 469â481. 60. Goodyear. Aircraft Tire Data Book. Akron, OH: Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, 2007. 61. Brockman, R. A. and W. R. Braisted. âCritical Speed Estimation for Aircraft Tires.â Tire Science and Technology, Vol. 22, No. 2, 1994, pp. 121â144. 62. Stander, N. and W. Roux. LS-OPT Training Class, Optimization and Robust Design Using LS-OPT and LS-DYNA. Detroit, MI: Livermore Software Technology Corporation, 2008. 63. Cook, R., C. A. Teubert, and G. Hayhoe. Soft Ground Arrestor Design Program. Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration, 1995. 159