Index
A
Access, definition of, 4-5, 32-34
Acute conditions
avoidable hospitalization for, 14, 121-124, 144
of homeless, 210
of migrant workers, 204-206
physician contacts for, 14, 112-115, 144
Admissions, see Hospitalization
Aerosolized pentamidine, 164
African Americans, see Black
population
Aged persons, see Older population
AIDS, see HIV infection
Ambulatory care
for acute conditions, 112-115
and avoidable hospitalization, 12-14, 102-105, 121-124, 143, 219-221
for HIV patients, 155-156, 159-161
Assistance programs, 42
for migrant and homeless populations, 200-201
for vaccination, 73
see also Integration of services;
Medicaid;
Medicare;
WIC
Asthma, 106
AZT, 164-165
B
Barriers to access, 20, 31-32, 39, 44
for HIV patients, 150-169
for migrants and homeless, 207-208, 211-212
see also Cultural factors;
Financial factors;
Structural Factors
Battered women, 133-134
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 79, 86
Birth certificates, 25, 51, 54-55, 62
and infant mortality, 56, 59-60, 140
Births and birth outcomes, 5
see also Birth certificates;
Birthweight;
Congenital syphilis;
Infant mortality;
Prenatal care
among homeless, 210
cancer and cancer screening, 80-81, 87-89, 91, 143
congenital syphilis, 67-69, 141
excess deaths, 106-109
infant mortality, 58-60, 61, 140
physician contacts, 113-114
referral-sensitive procedures, 99, 101-102
Bureau of Health Care Delivery and Assistance, 214
Bureau of Maternal and Child Health, 56
C
Cancer
breast, 8-11, 79-84, 86-89, 142-143
cervical, 8-9, 11, 79-80, 84-87, 89-90, 142-143
lung, 99
registries, 27, 87, 91, 142-143
Cervical cancer, 86-87, 89-90, 142-143
screening, 8-9, 11, 79-80, 84-86
Children
abuse of, 133
chronic diseases, 95
dental condition, 118
homeless and migrant, 204-205, 212
physician contacts, 115
see also Infant mortality;
Vaccination
Chronic diseases, 11-14, 112, 143-144
among homeless, 210
among migrant workers, 206
avoidable hospitalization, 102-106, 143
continuing care, 91-98
discretionary care, 98-102, 143
Claims data, 28
Cocaine, and congenital syphilis, 6, 69, 141
Compliance with treatment, 38
Congenital syphilis, 5-6, 66-69, 141
Cultural factors, 42-43
Current Population Survey, 41
D
Data bases, 22, 23-25, 28, 29, 102
see also Discharge records;
Disease reporting and registries;
Surveys;
Vital statistics
Death certificates, 25
HIV data, 174-175
and infant mortality, 56, 59-61
Deaths
among homeless, 210-211
Dental services, 14-15, 115-120, 144
for HIV patients, 164
Department of Health and Human Services, 139
Diabetes, 91-92, 96-97, 106, 205
Disabled population, 132-133
Discharge records, 27, 102, 103, 106, 143
for HIV patients, 171-172, 174
for migrant and homeless population, 215
Discretionary care, 98-102, 143
Disease reporting and registries, 28
congenital syphilis, 66-67
vaccine-preventable disease, 75-76, 78, 142
Domestic violence, 133-134
Drug abuse, 131
among HIV patients, 160
and congenital syphilis, 6, 69, 141
and hospitalization, 105-106
treatment waiting lists, 181-197
Drugs, prescription, 135-136
for HIV treatment, 172-173
E
Early detection, see Screening and testing
Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment program, 74
"Ecological fallacy," 27
Elderly, see Older population
Emergency care, 121-122, 123, 134
for battered women, 133
as primary provider, 40
Employer-provided insurance, 41, 151
End-stage renal disease, 99
Equity of access, issues, 3, 4, 17-18, 31-33
Ethnic groups, see Black population;
Cultural factors;
Hispanic population;
Racial and ethnic groups
F
Family planning services, 50
Family violence, 133-134
Federal Interagency Committee on Migrants, 214-215
Federal monitoring role, 16, 29, 138-139
Financial factors, 40-42
for disabled, 132
HIV treatment, 150-159
Pap tests, 85
vaccination, 73-74
see also Insurance and insurance coverage;
Poverty and low-income;
Uninsured and underinsured population
Frequency of services use, 36
G
Geographic factors and analyses, 3, 14, 27, 40
hospitalization, 103-104
prenatal care, 56
vaccination, 71
H
Health Care for the Homeless programs, 209-210, 211, 213-214, 215
Health Objectives for the Year 2000, 23
birthweight, 63-64
cancer and cancer screening, 83, 85
congenital syphilis, 69
domestic violence, 133
infant mortality, 60
preventable disease, 78
vaccination, 73
"Herd immunity," 76
Hip replacements, 98
Hispanic population, 41
cancer and cancer screening, 80-82, 84-85
dental condition, 118
measles, 78
physician contacts, 113-115
HIV infection, 147-175
among migrant workers, 206
Home health services, 134-135
for HIV patients, 157, 169, 173-175
Homeless population, 199-202, 209-216
Hospices, HIV patient care, 157-158
avoidable, 12-14, 102-106, 121-124, 143, 144
for dental conditions, 199-120
of HIV patients, 153, 155, 158-159, 168-169, 171, 173-175
Human immunodeficiency virus, see HIV infection
I
Immunization, see Vaccination
Income levels, see Financial factors;
Poverty and low-income
Indicators of access, 1-2, 4-5, 34-36, 46-49, 130-131
see also Outcome indicators;
Utilization indicators
Infant mortality, 3, 5, 56-61, 140-141
among migrant and homeless populations, 204, 210, 216
Insurance and insurance coverage, 3, 14, 17, 19-20, 26, 27, 28, 41
and birthweight, 65
dental services, 15, 116, 118-120
disabled persons, 132
HIV patients, 150-154
prescription drugs, 135
referral-sensitive procedures, 101
vaccination, 73-74
see also Medicaid;
Medicare;
Uninsured and underinsured population
Integration of services, 18, 122
for battered women, 133-134
for disabled, 132-133
International Classification of Diseases, 61, 103
K
L
Late-stage cancer, 10-11, 86-91, 142-143
Local-level monitoring, 16-17, 137-138
tumor registries, 27
Longitudinal surveys, on chronic diseases, 96-97, 143
Long-term care, 134-135
Low birthweight, 3, 5, 61-66, 141
among homeless, 210
Low-income, see Poverty and low-income
Lung cancer, 99
M
Measles, 76-78
Medicaid, 40
and chronic diseases, 94-96
dental coverage, 120
HIV patient coverage, 153-158
migrant and homeless coverage, 207-208, 215
vaccination coverage, 74
Medi-Cal, dental coverage, 120
Medicare, 42
and chronic diseases, 93-96
end-stage renal disease program, 99
and referral-sensitive procedures, 102
Migrant farmworkers, 199-209, 212-216
Minority groups, see Black population;
Cultural factors;
Hispanic population;
Racial and ethnic groups
Models and modeling, 36, 110-112
N
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), 55, 65
National Fetal and Infant Mortality Review Program, 56
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 96
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 25-26, 41
cancer screening data, 79-80, 86
chronic disease data, 92-93, 98, 143, 144
dental care data, 116, 120, 144
disability care data, 133
physician contact data, 115
vaccination data, 142
National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS), 55, 62, 140, 141
National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES), 26, 41
National Mortality Followback Survey, 111
Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), 57
New York
drug treatment programs, 183, 188-189
HIV patient services, 157, 160
Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS), 172
Notifiable diseases, see Disease reporting and registries
Nurses, HIV patient contacts, 168
Nursing homes, HIV patient care, 156-157, 169
Nutrition services, and prenatal care, 50-51
O
Older population, 42
cancer screening, 9, 80-82, 84, 85
dental care, 118
postacute services, 134-135
Outcome indicators, 33-34, 37-38, 131
avoidable hospitalizations, 12-14, 102-106, 121-124, 144
cervical cancer, 86-87, 89-90, 142-143
chronic diseases, 102-112, 143-144
congenital syphilis, 5-6, 66-69, 141
for HIV patients, 170-175 passim
infant mortality, 56-61, 140-141
vaccine-preventable diseases, 75-78, 142
Outpatient care, see Ambulatory care;
Physicians
P
Payment sources, on vital statistics records, 60, 62
see also Insurance and insurance coverage;
Medicaid;
Medicare
Perinatal care, 56
HIV patient contacts, 156, 161-162, 163-164, 167
and hospital admissions, 104, 124
migrant worker contacts, 208
and Pap tests, 85-86
Planned pregnancies, 50
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 174
Population groups, see Black population;
Cultural factors;
Disabled population;
Hispanic population;
Homeless population;
Migrant farmworkers;
Older population;
Poverty and low-income;
Racial and ethnic groups
Poverty and low-income, 3, 40-41
cancer and cancer screening, 83, 85, 87, 88-89
dental care, 116
emergency care, 134
hospitalization, 14, 104-106, 122-124
physician contacts, 115
referral-sensitive procedures, 11-12, 99-101
vaccination, 73-74
Preconception medical care, 50
Prenatal care, 2, 5, 18, 25, 49-56, 140
among homeless, 212
and congenital syphilis, 69
and low birthweight, 61
Preschool immunization, 69-75, 141-142
Prescription drugs, 135-136
President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedicine and Behavioral Science Research, 32-33
Providers of care, 36
for HIV patients, 155-164, 166-169
for migrants and homeless, 208, 211-212
Pap tests, 85
see also Physicians
Public Health Service, 141
Expert Panel on the Content of Prenatal Care, 49-50
Q
Quality of care, issues, 37-38
R
Racial and ethnic groups, 3, 11, 17, 28-29, 41, 139
cancer and cancer screening, 9, 11, 80-82, 84-85, 87-89
childhood diseases, 78
congenital syphilis, 67-69
dental care, 15
infant mortality, 3, 69-61, 140
see also Black population;
Cultural factors;
Hispanic population
Referral-sensitive procedures, 11-12, 98-102, 143, 221
Regular sources of care, 114-115
for HIV patients, 159-162
Reports and reporting, see Disease reporting and registries;
School-based reporting systems;
Self-reported health status;
Surveys
birth outcomes, 54-56, 60-61, 65-66, 69, 140-141
cancer and cancer screening, 86, 91, 142-143
chronic diseases, 96-98, 100-101, 102, 104, 106, 110-112, 143-144
drug abuse treatment, 195-196
HIV treatment, 169-175
hospitalization, 104, 106, 123-124, 143, 144
migrant and homeless population, 209, 212-216
vaccination, 74-75, 78, 141-142
Risk factors, data collection and analysis, 57, 79, 86, 107-112
see also Drug abuse
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, AIDS Health Services Programs, 149 -150
Routine care, 114-115
S
School-based reporting systems, for vaccination, 74-75, 141-142
Screening and testing, 8-11
for HIV, 170-171
Self-reported health status, 11, 25, 92-93
Sentinel diseases, 37
Social services, see Integration of services
Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children , 50-51
State-level monitoring, 16-17, 137-138
hospital discharge data, 106, 143
migrant and homeless populations, 216
tumor registries, 27, 87, 142-143
Statistical programs, see Data bases;
Research needs;
Surveys
Structural factors, 39-40
in HIV treatment, 159-164
in migrant and homeless care, 215
Substance abuse, see Drug abuse
Surgical procedures, discretionary, 98-102, 143
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, 87, 91 , 142-143
Surveillance programs, see Disease reporting and registries
Surveys, 25-26
drug abuse treatment, 196
excess mortality studies, 111-112
migrant and homeless populations, 199, 200, 212, 213-214, 215-216
oversampling of minorities, 17, 29, 139
see also National Health Interview Survey;
National Maternal and Infant Health Survey;
National Medical Expenditure Survey
Syphilis, see Congenital syphilis
T
Testing, see Screening and testing
Timeliness of treatment, 4, 14-15, 112-115, 144
for drug abuse, 181-197
for migrant workers, 208-209
Transplants, 99
Tumor registries, 27, 87, 91, 142-143
U
Uninsured and underinsured population, 3, 14, 28, 41-42
chronic diseases, 93-96
physician contacts, 113-115
referral-sensitive procedures, 99
Unwanted pregnancies, 50
Utilization indicators, 34, 36-37, 131
frequency, 36
for HIV patients, 170-175 passim
for migrant and homeless populations, 212-216
physician contacts, 112-115, 144
V
Vaccination, 7-8, 69-75, 141-142
preventable diseases, 75-78, 142
Violence, domestic, 133-134
Vital statistics, 25
on migrant and homeless populations, 204, 210-211, 214-215
see also Birth certificates;
Death certificates
W
Waiting lists and times
for drug abuse treatment, 191-197
for HIV patients, 162-163
WIC, 50-51
Women, see Battered women;
Breast cancer;
Cervical cancer;
Prenatal care
World Health Organization, Health for All Project, 23
Y
Year 2000 Health Objectives for the Nation, see Health Objectives for the Year 2000
Z
Zidovudine, 164-165