NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
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This is a report of work supported by Contract DAAM01-96-K-0002 between the U.S. Army and the National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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STANDING COMMITTEE ON PROGRAM AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF THE U.S. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE COMMAND
FRANCIS G. DWYER (chair),
Mobil Research and Development Corporation (retired), West Chester, Pennsylvania
JEROME S. SCHULTZ (vice chair),
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
KLAUS BIEMANN,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
HAROLD S. BLACKMAN,
Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Company, Idaho Falls
BARBARA G. CALLAHAN,
Fluor Daniel GTI, Norwood, Massachusetts
SANFORD S. LEFFINGWELL,
HLM Consultants, Dacula, Georgia
DEREK L. RANSLEY,
Ransley & Associates, Lafayette, California
LUDWIG REBENFELD,
TRI Princeton, Princeton, New Jersey
WILLIAM REIFENRATH,
Stratacor, Inc., Richmond, California
J. THROCK WATSON,
Michigan State University, East Lansing
Board on Army Science and Technology Liaison
JOHN H. MOXLEY,
IOM, Korn/Ferry International, Los Angeles, California
Staff
BRUCE A. BRAUN, Director,
Board on Army Science and Technology
EDWARD J. DOWNING, Study Director
PAMELA A. LEWIS, Project Assistant
U.S. Army Liaisons
GEORGE E. FRIEL,
U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
JAMES BAKER,
U.S. Army Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
BOARD ON ARMY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
WILLIAM H. FORSTER, chair,
Northrop Grumman Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland
THOMAS L. MCNAUGHER, vice chair,
RAND Corporation, Washington, D.C.
GARY L. BORMAN,
University of Wisconsin, Madison
RICHARD A. CONWAY,
Union Carbide Corporation, Charleston, West Virginia
GILBERT S. DECKER, Consultant,
Los Gatos, California
LAWRENCE J. DELANEY,
Delaney Group, Potomac, Maryland
ROBERT J. HEASTON,
Guidance and Control Information Analysis Center (retired), Naperville, Illinois
ELVIN R. HEIBERG,
Heiberg Associates, Inc., Mason Neck, Virginia
GERALD J. IAFRATE,
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
KATHRYN V. LOGAN,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
JOHN H. MOXLEY,
Korn/Ferry International, Los Angeles, California
STEWART D. PERSONICK,
Bell Communications Research, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey
MILLARD F. ROSE,
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
GEORGE T. SINGLEY III,
Hicks and Associates, Inc., McLean, Virginia
CLARENCE G. THORNTON,
Army Research Laboratories (retired), Colts Neck, New Jersey
JOHN D. VENABLES,
Venables and Associates, Towson, Maryland
JOSEPH J. VERVIER,
ENSCO, Inc., Melbourne, Florida
ALLEN C. WARD,
Ward Synthesis, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan
Staff
BRUCE A. BRAUN, Director
MARGO L. FRANCESCO, Administrative Associate
ALVERA V. WILSON, Financial Associate
DEANNA SPARGER, Project Assistant
Preface
This report is the second of a two-phase response to a request from the technical director of the U.S. Army Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center (ERDEC) that the National Research Council (NRC) conduct technical assessments and reviews of programs in the command. The NRC was asked to conduct a technical assessment of the man-in-simulant test (MIST) program and a program review of the mass spectrometry and bioremediation programs. These programs represent a continuum of technologies designed to protect, detect, and dispose of the chemical and biological weapons soldiers may face in future combat. The first report, Technical Assessment of the Man-in-Simulant Test (MIST) Program was published in 1997. This second report focuses on the program review of the mass spectrometry and bioremediation programs.
Members of the NRC Committee have a wide range of expertise in protective systems, toxicology, risk assessment, environmental and occupational health, simulation and modeling, textile science, human factors, organic chemistry, biochemistry, mass spectrometry, and chemical engineering. Of these, the members with special expertise relevant to reviewing the mass spectrometry and bioremediation programs were chosen to serve on the reviewing committee. Some of them have been with the committee since its formation and have benefited from the knowledge gained from the earlier study. The committee met twice, in October 1997 and February 1998, and interviewed members of both of the ERDEC groups, as well as senior managers of the ERDEC Research and Technology Directorate (RTD).
In this report, the committee assesses the technical character of the programs and the processes used to achieve their goals. The assessment was complicated by some changes in personnel and a significant change in the ERDEC organizational structure between the first and second visits. Also, a new director of the RTD has since assumed his position and is in the
process of establishing his style and making changes to the corporate culture.
The chair and the committee wish to thank the NRC staff for its assistance and support. We are indebted to Bruce Braun, director, Board on Army Science and Technology; George Davatelis, study director until December 1997; Edward Downing, study director since December 1997; Jacqueline Campbell-Johnson and Pamela Lewis, senior project assistants for the respective study directors; Margo Francesco, staff associate; Alvera Wilson, financial associate; and Norman Haller, consultant. The work of the committee would not have been possible without these dedicated individuals. The committee also appreciates the comments of the various groups that agreed to be interviewed and the group of outside experts who graciously donated their time to review this report.
The committee would like to express its special appreciation to committee member Dr. Clement Furlong of the University of Washington for his valuable contributions to the report up until his departure in early 1998.
FRANCIS G. DWYER, CHAIR
STANDING COMMITTEE ON PROGRAM AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF THE U.S. ARMY CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE COMMAND
Acknowledgment
This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the National Research Council in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The content of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report:
Albert Venosa, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
Fred McLafferty, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Rob Staffan, Environgen, Inc., Lawrenceville, New Jersey
George W. Parshall, DuPont Company, Wilmington, Delaware
Anne Street, GEO-CENTERS, Rockville, Maryland
Wayne Askew, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
While the individuals listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the authoring committee and the National Research Council.
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Tables, Figures, and Boxes
FIGURES
TABLES
ES-1 |
Categories and Characteristics of the Assessment Model |
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1-1 |
Differences in Business Approaches of the Mass Spectrometry and Bioremediation Programs |
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1-2 |
Categories and Characteristics of the Assessment Model |
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2-1 |
Programmatic Review of the Mass Spectrometry Group |
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3-1 |
Programmatic Review of the Bioremediation Group |
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A-1 |
Customer Focus Category |
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A-2 |
Resources and Capabilities Category |
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A-3 |
Strategic Vision Category |
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A-4 |
Value Creation Category |
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A-5 |
Quality Focus Category |
BOX
1-1 |
Example of the Four Stages of Maturity |
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Acronyms
CB
chemical and biological
CBD
chemical and biological defense
CBW
chemical and biological warfare
CBDCOM
Chemical and Biological Defense Command
CSC
CBDCOM Standing Committee on Program and Technical Review of the U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command
CW
chemical warfare
CWA
chemical warfare agent
DETA
diethylenetriamine
DOD
U.S. Department of Defense
DS2
decontaminating solution 2
EGME
ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
ERDEC
Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center
ESI
electrospray ionization
ETT
Environmental Technology Team
MALDI
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
MIST
man-in-simulant test
MS/MS
mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (any device that records the product ion spectrum generated from a precursor ion)
NRC
National Research Council