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REFERENCES 1 2 3 Woodward, R.J., "Collapse of a Segmental Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge". Transportation Research Record, Vol. 121 I, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 1989. Raiss, M. E., "Recent Developments in the United Kingdom in the Design and Specification of Durable Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges". Transportation Research Board 740~ Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., January 22-28, 1995. Concrete Society Technical Report No. 47, "Durable Bonded Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges". Concrete Society, 1996. 4 Woodward, R., Williams, F., "Collapse of Ynys-Y-Gwas Bridge, West Glamorgan". Proc. Instn. Civ. Engrs., Part I, 1988, 84, Aug. 635-669. 5 Clark L., "Performance in Service of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges". Report prepared for British Cement Association, October 1992. 6 Mallett, G. Repair of Concrete Bridges, Chapter 2, Transportation Research Laboratory 7 Matt, P. Personal Correspondence. February, 1998. 8 Matt, P., "Durability of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges Focusing on Tendons - The Swiss Experience". F]P Symposium on Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures, 1996. Vol. I, pp. 235 241. 31
9 hailer, M., "Durability Survey of Segmental Concrete Bridges", American Segmental Bridge Institute. 10 Novokshchenov, V., "Salt-Penetration and Corrosion in Prestressed Concrete Members". FHWA-RD-88-269, July 1989. 11 Novokshchenov, V., "Prestressed Concrete Bridges in Adverse Environments". Concrete International, May 1991' pp. 43-48. Freyermuth, C., "Durability of Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete Stn~ctures". Concrete International, October 1991, pp. 58-65. 13 Novokshchenov, V., "Condition Survey of Prestressed Concrete Bridges". Concrete International, September 1989, pp. 60-68. 14 Somerville, G., Personal Correspondence. March 1998. 15 AASHTO, Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 16~ Edition, 1996. 16 AASHTO, Guide Specifications for Design and Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges, 1989. 17 Post-Tensioning Institute, Post-Tensioning Manual, 5dl Edition, Section 3.3, "Recommended Practice for Grouting of Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete", pp. 230-236. 18 Schokker, A. J., Koester, B. D., Kreger, M. E., Breen, J. E., "Development of High Performance Grouts for Corrosion Protection of Post-Tensioning Tendons". Proceedings of the PCI/FHWA International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Orleans, Louisiana, October 1997. 32
19 Tilly, G. P., Woodward, R. J., "Development of Improved Grouting for Post-tensioned Bridges". FIP Symposium on Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures, 1996. Vol. 1, pp. 55-64. 20 Lapsley, R. D., "Grouting of Post-Tensioned Structures - Recent Advances in Vacuum Grouting Techniques and Grout Mix Design". FIP Symposium on Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures, 1996. Vol 2, pp. 659-668. 21 Darby, J. J., "Control of Grouting Quality by the Measurement of Total Gas Content Within Fresh Grout". F1P Symposium on Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures, 1996. Vol. 2, pp. 669-676. Bastien, J., Dugat, J., Prat, E., "Cement Grout Containing Precipitated Silica and Superplasticizers for Post-Tensioning". ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 94, No. 4, July-August 1997. 23 Sprinkel, M., "High Perfonnance Silica Fume Grout for Post-Tensioning Ducts", Proceedings of the PCI/:FHWA International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Orleans, Louisiana, October 1997. 24 Hope, B., Ip, A., "Grout for Post-tensioning Ducts", ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 85, No. 4, July-August 1988. 25 Ip, A, Manning, D., "A New Generation Grout for Post-Tensioned Bridges", Third Canadian Symposium on Cement and Concrete", Ottawa, Canada, Summer 1993. 26 F1P Commission on Practical Construction, "Grouting of Tendons in Prestressed Concrete", FIP Guide to Good Practice, 1989. 33
27 Thompson, N. G., Lankard, D., Sprinkel, M., "Improved Grouts for Bonded Tendons in Post Tensioned Bridge Structures". FHWA-RD-91-092, Federal Highway Administrations January 1992. 28 Jaeger, B., Sansalone, M., Poston, R., "Detecting Voids in Grouted Tendon Ducts of Post Tensioned Concrete Structures", ACT Structural Journal, Vol. 93, No. 4, July-August, 1996, pp. 462-473. 29 Jaeger, B., Sansalone, M., Poston, R., "Using Impact-Echo to Assess Tendon Ducts", Concrete International, Vol. 19' No. 2, February 1997, pp. 42-46. 30 Woodward, R., Hill, M., Cullington, D., "Non-Destructive Methods for Inspection of Post Tensioned Concrete Bridges", F1P Symposium on Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures, 1996. Vol. 1, pp. 295-304. 31 Carino, N., Sansalone, M., "Void Detection in Grouted Ducts Using the Impact-Echo Method". ACT Materials Journal, Vol. 89, No. 3, May 1992, pp. 296-303. 32 Darley, J.C., "Inspection and Testing of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges", F]P Symposium on Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures, 1996. Vol. 2, pp. 351-356. 33 Crowcroft, N., "Inspection ofthe Orwell Bridge". Construction Repair, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 26 27. Palladian Publications Ltd., Elstead, Surrey. 34 Halsall, A., Welch, W., Tretpanier, S., "Acoustic Monitoring Technology for Post-Tensioned Structures". F]P Symposium on Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures, 1996, Vol. 2, pp. 521 527. 34
3 5 Paulson, P., Cullington, D., "Evaluation of Continuous Acoustic Monitoring as a Means of Detecting Failures in Post-Tensioned and Suspension Bridges". To be published in F1P Symposium Proceedings, Amsterdam, May 1998. 36 American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM CS76, "Standard Test Method of Half Cell Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete". 37 Strategic Highway Research Program, SE~P-S-324, Condition Evaluation of Concrete Bridges Relative to Reinforcement Corrosion", Vol. 2, Method for Measuring the Corrosion Rate of Reinforcing Steel, 1993. 38 Vignos, R.P. "Test Method for Evaluating the Corrosion Protection of Internal Tendons Across Segmental Bridge Joints." Master's Thesis, University of Texas at Austin, May ~ 994. 3 9 West, I. S. "Evaluating the Corrosion Protection of Internal Tendons Across Segmental Bridge Joints." Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory Progress Report, University of Texas at Austin, October 1997. 40 West, I.S. Personal Communication, February and March 1998. 41 Perenchio, W., Fraczek, I., Pfeifer, D., "Corrosion Protection of Prestressing Systems in Concrete Bridges." NCHRP Report 3 13, February 1989. 42 Poston, R., Carrasquillo, R., Breen I., "Durability of Post-Tensioned Bridge Decks." ACT Materials Journal, July-August 1987, Vol. 84, No. 4, pp. 3 ~ 5-326. 35
