TABLE B1: Number of Doctorates Awarded by Race/Ethnicity, by Selected Broad Field, 1976-1994 (U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents)
Broad Field/Year |
Total |
White |
Native American |
Asian |
African American |
All Hispanic* |
Puerto Rican |
Mexican-American |
Other Hispanic |
Unknown or Other Race |
Physical sciences |
||||||||||
1976 |
3,735 |
3,221 |
0 |
251 |
30 |
27 |
2 |
25 |
0 |
206 |
1978 |
3,457 |
2,856 |
5 |
251 |
54 |
35 |
0 |
1 |
34 |
256 |
1980 |
3,324 |
2,785 |
5 |
237 |
29 |
37 |
5 |
7 |
25 |
231 |
1982 |
3,321 |
2,942 |
5 |
202 |
36 |
39 |
8 |
6 |
25 |
97 |
1984 |
3,327 |
2,892 |
7 |
213 |
44 |
63 |
12 |
11 |
40 |
108 |
1986 |
3,244 |
2,809 |
8 |
226 |
34 |
64 |
15 |
15 |
34 |
103 |
1988 |
3,490 |
3,025 |
11 |
229 |
43 |
76 |
24 |
16 |
36 |
106 |
1990 |
3,701 |
3,213 |
5 |
254 |
38 |
100 |
33 |
17 |
50 |
91 |
1992 |
3,893 |
3,261 |
17 |
391 |
40 |
108 |
26 |
23 |
59 |
76 |
1994 |
4,602 |
3,409 |
10 |
948 |
73 |
118 |
31 |
34 |
53 |
44 |
Engineering |
||||||||||
1976 |
1,947 |
1,522 |
0 |
279 |
21 |
16 |
5 |
11 |
0 |
109 |
1978 |
1,586 |
1,169 |
2 |
272 |
13 |
33 |
0 |
0 |
33 |
97 |
1980 |
1,554 |
1,143 |
3 |
278 |
18 |
27 |
3 |
1 |
23 |
85 |
1982 |
1,465 |
1,100 |
3 |
246 |
20 |
36 |
12 |
4 |
20 |
60 |
1984 |
1,513 |
1,157 |
3 |
252 |
15 |
34 |
7 |
6 |
21 |
52 |
1986 |
1,726 |
1,354 |
6 |
262 |
24 |
35 |
11 |
5 |
19 |
45 |
1988 |
2,146 |
1,655 |
4 |
332 |
31 |
63 |
13 |
11 |
39 |
61 |
1990 |
2,346 |
1,840 |
4 |
359 |
40 |
54 |
6 |
13 |
35 |
49 |
1992 |
2,520 |
1,880 |
11 |
451 |
49 |
71 |
13 |
10 |
48 |
58 |
1994 |
3,054 |
2,020 |
6 |
867 |
54 |
66 |
10 |
15 |
41 |
41 |
Life sciences |
||||||||||
1976 |
4,230 |
3,735 |
3 |
197 |
81 |
33 |
7 |
26 |
0 |
181 |
1978 |
4,245 |
3,640 |
8 |
220 |
83 |
53 |
0 |
0 |
53 |
241 |
1980 |
4,644 |
4,035 |
7 |
230 |
75 |
44 |
3 |
7 |
34 |
253 |
1982 |
4,794 |
4,282 |
12 |
212 |
79 |
70 |
12 |
19 |
39 |
139 |
1984 |
4,759 |
4,242 |
12 |
220 |
97 |
65 |
12 |
12 |
41 |
123 |
1986 |
4,556 |
4,046 |
23 |
223 |
85 |
97 |
20 |
16 |
61 |
82 |
1988 |
4,712 |
4,168 |
18 |
233 |
104 |
110 |
26 |
20 |
64 |
79 |
1990 |
4,895 |
4,303 |
9 |
273 |
102 |
129 |
35 |
37 |
57 |
79 |
1992 |
5,059 |
4,352 |
19 |
359 |
115 |
137 |
34 |
34 |
69 |
77 |
1994 |
5,822 |
4,507 |
24 |
903 |
147 |
183 |
39 |
41 |
103 |
58 |
SOURCE: National Research Council, Survey of Earned Doctorates, specialtabulations, May 1996. Note: In 1990 the NRC implemented new follow-up procedures for nonresponse to several items, including race/ethnicity. Therefore, data for 1990, 1992 and 1994 may overstate increases in minority Ph.D.'s awarded over figures reported for previous years. * Figures for 1976 include Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans only. |
TABLE B2: Doctorates Awarded by Race/Ethnicity and Broad Field, 1994 (U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents)
Race/Ethnicity |
Total All Fields |
Math and Computer Sciences |
Physics and Astronomy |
Other Physical Sciences |
Engineering |
Life sciences |
Psychology |
Other Social Sciences |
Humanities |
Education |
Professional and Other Fields |
Total |
30,879 |
1,200 |
112 |
2,246 |
3,054 |
5,822 |
3,026 |
2,359 |
4,030 |
6,050 |
1,936 |
Percent of degrees in Broad Field |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Men |
17,369 |
955 |
91 |
1,635 |
2,606 |
3,186 |
1,147 |
1,317 |
2,087 |
2,306 |
1,132 |
Women |
13,510 |
245 |
21 |
611 |
448 |
2,636 |
1,879 |
1,042 |
1,943 |
3,744 |
804 |
White |
24,585 |
880 |
97 |
1,696 |
2,020 |
4,507 |
2,631 |
1,895 |
3,492 |
5,035 |
1,596 |
Percent of degrees in Broad Field |
79.6% |
73.3% |
86.6% |
75.5% |
66.1% |
77.4% |
86.9% |
80.3% |
86.7% |
83.2% |
82.4% |
Men |
13,556 |
687 |
78 |
1,264 |
1,715 |
2,419 |
1,008 |
1,030 |
1,811 |
1,967 |
921 |
Women |
11,029 |
193 |
19 |
432 |
305 |
2,088 |
1,623 |
865 |
1,681 |
3,068 |
675 |
Native American |
142 |
3 |
0 |
5 |
6 |
24 |
11 |
16 |
23 |
36 |
16 |
Percent of degrees in Broad Field |
0.5% |
0.2% |
0.0% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.4% |
0.4% |
0.7% |
0.6% |
0.6% |
0.8% |
Men |
71 |
2 |
0 |
5 |
4 |
14 |
5 |
7 |
15 |
10 |
8 |
Women |
71 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
10 |
6 |
9 |
8 |
26 |
8 |
Asian |
3,545 |
259 |
10 |
424 |
867 |
903 |
105 |
220 |
186 |
172 |
144 |
Percent of degrees in Broad Field |
11.5% |
21.6% |
8.9% |
18.9% |
28.4% |
15.5% |
3.5% |
9.3% |
4.6% |
2.8% |
7.4% |
Men |
2,469 |
217 |
9 |
277 |
748 |
566 |
32 |
139 |
102 |
66 |
105 |
Women |
1,076 |
42 |
1 |
147 |
119 |
337 |
73 |
81 |
84 |
106 |
39 |
African |
|||||||||||
American |
1,274 |
21 |
0 |
41 |
54 |
147 |
121 |
130 |
115 |
519 |
115 |
Percent of degrees in Broad Field |
4.1% |
1.8% |
0.0% |
1.8% |
1.8% |
2.5% |
4.0% |
5.5% |
2.9% |
8.6% |
5.9% |
Men |
552 |
16 |
0 |
31 |
41 |
62 |
45 |
80 |
56 |
161 |
53 |
Women |
722 |
5 |
0 |
10 |
13 |
85 |
76 |
50 |
59 |
358 |
62 |
All Hispanic |
1,029 |
20 |
2 |
67 |
66 |
183 |
131 |
63 |
176 |
241 |
51 |
Percent of degrees in Broad Field |
3.3% |
1.7% |
1.8% |
3.0% |
2.2% |
3.1% |
4.3% |
2.7% |
4.4% |
4.0% |
2.6% |
Men |
517 |
17 |
2 |
49 |
60 |
91 |
43 |
36 |
78 |
82 |
35 |
Women |
512 |
3 |
0 |
18 |
6 |
92 |
88 |
27 |
98 |
159 |
16 |
SOURCE: National Research Council, Survey of Earned Doctorates, special tabulations, May 1996. |
TABLE B3: Number of Doctorates in Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Engineering Awarded to Selected Minority Groups, (U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents)