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Appendix E List of Responses to Request for Information
Pages 413-422

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From page 413... ... . The full-text versions of the RFI responses are included in the compact disk that contains this report. Read the entire page →
From page 414... ... for Water Vapor, Temperature, Aerosol water vapor and temperature coverage at a lower vertical resolution cross and Cloud Profiling From Space track via a differential absorption lidar and fourier transform spectrometer 4 Active Mission for Global CO2 To significantly expand the set of global atmospheric CO2 observations Measurements via an active laser instrument for column measurements of CO2 down to the surface or cloud tops and pulsed aerosol and cloud lidar to determine surface elevation and aerosol and cloud distributions along lidar line of sight 5 Active Temperature, Ozone and Moisture To provide long-term characterization of state of Earth's troposphere and Microwave Spectrometer middle atmosphere via cm- and mm-wavelength satellite-to-satellite occultation measurements 6 Adaptive Atmospheric Sounding Mission To sound the atmosphere via long-life networked stratospheric balloon platforms instrumented with remote sensing and in situ instruments 7 Aerosol Global Interactions Satellite To measure the three-dimensional distribution of aerosol abundances, sizes, shapes, and absorption, and determine aerosol impacts on climate and air quality via multiangle spectropolarimetric imager and high spectral resolution lidar 8 Moderate Resolution Infrared Imaging To improve studies of small scale meteorological and climatologic forcing Spectrometer (MIRIS) and improve accuracy of measurements of minor gas species via high spatial and spectral resolution IR imager 9 Atmospheric Remote-Sensing and To measure upper atmospheric water vapor with unprecedented accuracy, Imaging Emission Spectrometer while providing temperature profiles, surface emissivity, ozone, CH4, CO, CO2, SO2, aerosols, cloud top height, and cloud temperature via observation of the IR spectrum with high resolving power 10 The National Global Operational To observe key climate and environmental parameters post-GOES-R Environmental Satellite System and NPOESS via a constellation instrumented with an ultra-spectral (NGOESS) Read the entire page →
From page 415... ... 20 Orbital Laser Sounder Mission for Global To measure global distribution of CO2 mixing ratio in the lower CO2 Measurements troposphere, day and night, and generate the first monthly global maps of the lower tropospheric CO2 column abundance to help understand the global carbon cycle and global climate change via active laser sounding 21 Coastal Ocean Carbon Observations and To quantify the pools and fluxes of carbon in the coastal ocean, knowledge Applications of which is essential for understanding the role of the global carbon cycle in climate variability and change, via high resolution hyperspectral imagery 22 E-mail Comment: Landsat 5 To urge the removal of downlink fees for Landsat 5 data 23 Continuous Coastal Awareness Network To detect, predict, and manage change for sustainable development (C-CAN) : A Response to the NRC Decadal in heavily populated coastal regions via a sensorweb system approach Study Request for Information involving multi-sensor satellite observations of sea surface height, coastal currents and winds, and sea spectral reflectance from different Earth vantage points coupled with in situ observations for coastal event detection 24 Crustal Magnetic Field Measurement To provide systematic global magnetic field observations needed to Missions distinguish magnetic field variations over various spatial and temporal scales, and to separate the effects of the components of the magnetic field via stratospheric balloon platforms 25 Daedalus: Earth-Sun Observations To characterize the direct influence of solar variability on Earth system via from L1 simultaneous observation of key solar emission/space weather parameters and spectrally resolved radiances over the entire illuminated Earth from an L1 vantage point Read the entire page →
From page 416... ... 416 EARTH SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS FROM SPACE TABLE E.1 Continued RFI Response Number Response Title Summary Description 26 The Need for New Geodetic Satellites To improve the determination of changes in the Earth's gravity field, for Observing Long-Term, Long- determination of the terrestrial reference frame, and the separation of tidal Wavelength Gravity Variations and signals in space geodetic measurements via passive, laser retro-reflecting Improved Terrestrial Reference Frame geodetic satellites Determination 27 Water and Ocean Wind Sensor To enhance characterization, understanding, and prediction of persistent small-scale ocean-atmosphere coupling, tropical cyclones, and coastal processes by continuing the contiguous wide-swath measurement of ocean surface vector wind via a single instrument combining active and passive microwave techniques 28 Improved Weather Prediction, Climate To demonstrate a new capability that would meet the science and Understanding, and Weather Hazard operational communities' needs for global profiles of horizontal wind Mitigation through Global Profiling of velocity via pulsed Doppler lidar Horizontal Winds with a Pulsed Doppler Lidar System 29 Providing Global Wind Profiles: The To accurately measure the 3-D global wind field via multiple Doppler lidars Missing Link in Today's Observing System 30 Earth Sciences from the Astonomer's To observe the Earth in a bulk thermodynamic sense, as an open system Perspective: A Deep Space Climate exchanging radiative energy with the Sun and space via continuous Observatory observation from an L1 orbit 31 Earth Sciences Applications in Human To advocate greater emphasis on environmental causes for disease Health emergence and environmental monitoring of pathogens and vectors, involving disciplines beyond those of traditional biomedical science 32 The Ecology of Global Infectious Disease: To establish a research program using geoscience in combination A Research Program with epidemiology to improve use of satellite data in epidemiological applications and develop requirements for a space-based platform 33 Air Pollution Investigation Constellation To quantify sub-regional emissions of precursors of smog and particulate matter, and the effects of transformation processes over long ranges on air quality, enabling accurate prediction and control of global air pollution via a constellation approach consisting of a MEO/GEO platform with a UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer and thermal emission IR spectrometer and a LEO platform with multiangle spectropolarimetric imager and IR solar occultation instrument 34 Monitoring Climate Change by Solar To monitor climate change via HALOE-type solar occultation instruments Occultation 35 Geostationary Advanced Imager for New To observe the diurnal cycle of the Earth's surface temperature with 1 km Science resolution from GEO 36 Student Reflective GPS Experiment To provide space-based measurements of GPS reflections to determine the utility of measuring Earth surface parameters such as ocean wind speed/ direction, sea surface height, and land surface soil moisture 37 Global Environmental Micro Sensors To make ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution environmental (GEMS) : A New Instrument Paradigm for measurements over an immensely broad range of atmospheric conditions In situ Earth Observation to provide calibration/ground truth for space-based remote sensing systems, expand our understanding of the Earth system, and improve weather forecast accuracy and efficiency well beyond current capability via in situ airborne buoyant probes Read the entire page →
From page 417... ... , and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) , extending to gravity observation networks 41 The GeoSTAR GEO Microwave Sounder To take temperature and humidity profiles, with emphasis on storms and Mission: The Geostationary Synthetic tropical cyclones and to contribute important measurements to research Thinned Array Radiometer related to the hydrologic cycle via a geostationary dual-array system for microwave sounding measurements 42 GRACE follow-on To contribute to continuous, multi-decadal monitoring of the temporal variations of Earth's gravity field via a GRACE follow-on 43 GNSS Geospace Constellation To contribute to Sun-Earth connection science using transmissions of global navigation satellite systems to measure total electron content, giving information about ionosphere and plasmasphere dynamics via at least 6 LEO spacecraft with advanced GPS receivers tracking existing and anticipated Global Navigation Satellite System signals 44 Glaciers and Ice Sheets Mapping Orbiter To measure the surface and basal topography of terrestrial ice sheets and determine the physical properties of glacier beds via radar 45 Global Aerosol Monitoring Mission To globally monitor the scattering and absorption properties of aerosol particles 46 Global Water Resources Mission To provide a 20-year international plan for enabling society to assess and predict the global availability of fresh water under the influence of weather and climate variability via an international effort consisting of about two dozen satellite systems, each of which is comparable with current operational GEO and LEO satellites 47 Glory To monitor factors influencing radiative balance between Earth and space to improve ability to understand and predict climate change via aerosol and irradiance measurements by a total solar irradiance sensor 48 Geostationary Observatory for To provide a system for humidity and temperature sounding and frequent Microwave Atmospheric Sounding precipitation observation from geostationary orbit via sub-mm and mm wave radiometry 49 A Constellation for High Resolution To provide continuous coverage oceanography for mesoscale process Sea Surface Topography with Frequent characterization and tsunami warning via a constellation of six satellites in Temporal Revisit low Earth orbit 50 Proposition to Observe H2S Emitting To observe H2S emitting from the ocean surface and provide high from Ocean Surface resolution ocean color Read the entire page →
From page 418... ... 418 EARTH SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS FROM SPACE TABLE E.1 Continued RFI Response Number Response Title Summary Description 51 Decadal Survey Proposal To advocate measurement of the heat flux of the mantle of Earth in order to better understand how the systems of Earth work and interconnect 52 Exploration of the Earth-Sun System To provide global mapping of atmospheric composition every 30-60 from L1 minutes from an L1 vantage point, enabling understanding of the relationship between solar activity and structure and dynamics of Earth's atmosphere 53 Concept Paper Submitted to the Decadal To encourage the Earth and environmental sciences communities to Study Request for Information issued by consider the importance of the "human factor" in usage and interpretation the National Research Council of data and advocate collaboration with cognitive systems engineers to create demonstrably useful and usable human-centered technologies 54 An Autonomous Aerial Observing System To improve our scientific understanding of tropical cyclone genesis for the Exploration of the Dynamics of and intensity change processes by providing the first continuous high Hurricanes resolution observations of the thermodynamic and kinematic evolution of the inner core of a tropical cyclone from genesis to dissipation or landfall via long-endurance UAV platform 55 Detecting Human-Induced Land To obtain an improved understanding of the variation of spatial signature Degradation Impact on Semi-Arid on land degradation in semi-arid tropical regions and how human induced Tropical Rainfall Variability Based on land cover changes can have a direct effect on precipitation in these Measurements from Satellite Products regions via analysis of existing satellite vegetation and precipitation data sets at various spatial and temporal scales 56 Global Hydrosphere Mapper To provide high-resolution measurements of the surface of the ocean and water bodies on land via radar interferometry 57 Biomass Monitoring Mission Lidar To measure the amount of carbon stored in Earth's above-ground biomass Instrument and gain a better understanding of forest ecosystem function in the global carbon cycle via lidar 58 Importance of Outreach and Education To emphasize the importance of outreach and education in communicating science information and new research 59 Infrared Thermal Imaging of the Earth's To routinely measure the thermal energy of the surface of the North Surface American continent and correlate with population distribution and urban centers 60 Observations of Tropospheric To understand roles of tropospheric ozone and aerosols in perturbing the Air Chemistry Processes from a Earth system and understand their effects on the global atmosphere and Geostationary Perspective air quality from GEO 61 Composition of the Atmosphere from To fill gaps in observations of upper troposphere processes, while Mid-Earth Orbit providing a new capability for determining the role of fast processes in linking regional pollution, global air quality, and climate change via measurement of chemical species, ice cloud parameters, temperature, lower troposphere O3, NO2, SO2, CO, H2CO, CH4, BrO, aerosol/cloud properties, and surface UV-B flux using a microwave sounder and imager in MEO orbit 62 Operational Ocean and Land Mission To gather data that can be used in croyspheric, land, land deformation, ecology, atmospheric, and hydrologic applications via synthetic aperture radar, spectometry, and altimetry Read the entire page →
From page 419... ... UAVs 75 Nightsat To measure the spatial distribution and brightness of nocturnal lighting worldwide at a spatial resolution that permits the delineation of key features found in human settlements via observation in the vis/NIR and thermal bands 76 The Far-Infrared Spectrum: Exploring a To improve understanding of the natural greenhouse effect, atmospheric New Frontier in the Remote Sensing of cooling by water vapor, and the role of cirrus clouds in climate via direct Earth's Climate measurements of the far-infrared portion of the Earth's emission spectrum Read the entire page →
From page 420... ... and discuss needed development of a hyperspectral data analysis system 90 Polar Environmental Monitoring, To provide continuous environmental and meteorological monitoring Communications, and Space Weather of polar regions, a unique perspective on space weather monitoring of from Pole Sitter Orbit Sun-Earth system, and constant communication links between deep polar regions and the rest of the world Read the entire page →
From page 421... ... APPENDIX E 421 TABLE E.1 Continued RFI Response Number Response Title Summary Description 91 A radar altimeter for bathymetry, To provide a global map of deep ocean bathymetry and gravity field at a geodesy, and mesoscale oceanography resolution of 6-9 km using delay-Doppler radar altimetry to measure sea surface slope 92 Contributions of Radio Occultation To resolve temperature and water vapor of the global atmosphere with Observations to the Integrated Earth unprecedented accuracy and resolution sufficient to meet requirements of Observation System weather and climate forecasting and climate monitoring via an operational system of radio occultation observations 93 Advanced Limb Imaging Sounder To measure the distribution of upper troposphere and lower stratosphere Experiment Mission temperature, water vapor, ozone, clouds, and aerosols at high vertical and improved horizontal resolution in order to understand the role of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region in the radiative forcing of climate and climate-chemistry feedback 94 Molniya Orbit Imager To extend GOES-type imagery to high-latitudes via an imager in Molniya orbit 95 Robust IR Remote Sensing for Carbon To make daily measurements of the vertical structure of trace gases Monoxide, Methane, and Ozone Profiles including CO, methane, and ozone 96 GRACE follow-on To provide global measurements of terrestrial water, ice, and ocean mass variations via measurement of temporal variations in Earth's gravitational field 97 Spaceborne Advanced Visible Infrared To produce high-resolution maps of reflected and emitted radiance of Imager Concept surface every 8 days via thermal IR imagery 98 Mission of Scatterometer and Along- To acquire high-resolution measurements of both ocean surface current Track Interferometer for Ocean Current and vector wind as a significant improvement over current measurements and Vector Wind Applications via scatterometry and along-track interferometry 99 Sensing of H2O in the Upper To simultaneously measure vertical profiles of H2O and HDO in the tropics Troposphere and subtropics through the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere via IR solar occultation in order to constrain the dominant mechanisms regulating the abundance of water in critical regions of the Earth's atmosphere 100 Draft GPM Overview Document To provide near-global measurements of rainfall, 3-D cloud structure, and precipitation using a microwave imager and a dual-frequency precipitation radar 101 Stratospheric Earth Radiation Balance To investigate stratospheric Earth radiation balance via long-life (SERB) Missions using Balloons stratospheric balloons 102 Structure and Inventory of Vegetated To gain information on composition, density, optical properties, and Ecosystems geometric structure of vegetation canopies and other surfaces using a combined lidar and stereo imager and a multi-angle global imager 103 Surface Observatories and in situ To monitor surface radiative fluxes and cloud and aerosol properties via a Observations in Support of Space-based three-tiered system of surface-based observatories Observations of Aerosols and Clouds Read the entire page →
From page 422... ... : a Practical resolved water vapor sounding features via a wind imaging spectrometer NPOESS P3I High-spatial Resolution and humidity-sounder Sensor 110 Climate-Quality Observations from To continue lidar cloud observation data record after CALIPSO for climate Satellite Lidar change recognition 111 Advanced ICESat (Ice Cloud and Land To provide/determine polar ice-sheet mass balance; sea-ice freeboard Elevation Satellite) and thickness; high-latitude oceanography and global sea level change; atmosphere-cloud heights and aerosol distributions; land topography referenced to a globally consistent datum; vegetation-canopy heights and structure; river stage and discharge and lake and wetland water storage; glaciers and ice cap dynamics and mass balance, via laser altimeter Read the entire page →

From page 413...

... . The full-text versions of the RFI responses are included in the compact disk that contains this report.

Read the entire page →

From page 414...

... for Water Vapor, Temperature, Aerosol water vapor and temperature coverage at a lower vertical resolution cross and Cloud Profiling From Space track via a differential absorption lidar and fourier transform spectrometer 4 Active Mission for Global CO2 To significantly expand the set of global atmospheric CO2 observations Measurements via an active laser instrument for column measurements of CO2 down to the surface or cloud tops and pulsed aerosol and cloud lidar to determine surface elevation and aerosol and cloud distributions along lidar line of sight 5 Active Temperature, Ozone and Moisture To provide long-term characterization of state of Earth's troposphere and Microwave Spectrometer middle atmosphere via cm- and mm-wavelength satellite-to-satellite occultation measurements 6 Adaptive Atmospheric Sounding Mission To sound the atmosphere via long-life networked stratospheric balloon platforms instrumented with remote sensing and in situ instruments 7 Aerosol Global Interactions Satellite To measure the three-dimensional distribution of aerosol abundances, sizes, shapes, and absorption, and determine aerosol impacts on climate and air quality via multiangle spectropolarimetric imager and high spectral resolution lidar 8 Moderate Resolution Infrared Imaging To improve studies of small scale meteorological and climatologic forcing Spectrometer (MIRIS) and improve accuracy of measurements of minor gas species via high spatial and spectral resolution IR imager 9 Atmospheric Remote-Sensing and To measure upper atmospheric water vapor with unprecedented accuracy, Imaging Emission Spectrometer while providing temperature profiles, surface emissivity, ozone, CH4, CO, CO2, SO2, aerosols, cloud top height, and cloud temperature via observation of the IR spectrum with high resolving power 10 The National Global Operational To observe key climate and environmental parameters post-GOES-R Environmental Satellite System and NPOESS via a constellation instrumented with an ultra-spectral (NGOESS)

Read the entire page →

From page 415...

... 20 Orbital Laser Sounder Mission for Global To measure global distribution of CO2 mixing ratio in the lower CO2 Measurements troposphere, day and night, and generate the first monthly global maps of the lower tropospheric CO2 column abundance to help understand the global carbon cycle and global climate change via active laser sounding 21 Coastal Ocean Carbon Observations and To quantify the pools and fluxes of carbon in the coastal ocean, knowledge Applications of which is essential for understanding the role of the global carbon cycle in climate variability and change, via high resolution hyperspectral imagery 22 E-mail Comment: Landsat 5 To urge the removal of downlink fees for Landsat 5 data 23 Continuous Coastal Awareness Network To detect, predict, and manage change for sustainable development (C-CAN) : A Response to the NRC Decadal in heavily populated coastal regions via a sensorweb system approach Study Request for Information involving multi-sensor satellite observations of sea surface height, coastal currents and winds, and sea spectral reflectance from different Earth vantage points coupled with in situ observations for coastal event detection 24 Crustal Magnetic Field Measurement To provide systematic global magnetic field observations needed to Missions distinguish magnetic field variations over various spatial and temporal scales, and to separate the effects of the components of the magnetic field via stratospheric balloon platforms 25 Daedalus: Earth-Sun Observations To characterize the direct influence of solar variability on Earth system via from L1 simultaneous observation of key solar emission/space weather parameters and spectrally resolved radiances over the entire illuminated Earth from an L1 vantage point

Read the entire page →

From page 416...

... 416 EARTH SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS FROM SPACE TABLE E.1 Continued RFI Response Number Response Title Summary Description 26 The Need for New Geodetic Satellites To improve the determination of changes in the Earth's gravity field, for Observing Long-Term, Long- determination of the terrestrial reference frame, and the separation of tidal Wavelength Gravity Variations and signals in space geodetic measurements via passive, laser retro-reflecting Improved Terrestrial Reference Frame geodetic satellites Determination 27 Water and Ocean Wind Sensor To enhance characterization, understanding, and prediction of persistent small-scale ocean-atmosphere coupling, tropical cyclones, and coastal processes by continuing the contiguous wide-swath measurement of ocean surface vector wind via a single instrument combining active and passive microwave techniques 28 Improved Weather Prediction, Climate To demonstrate a new capability that would meet the science and Understanding, and Weather Hazard operational communities' needs for global profiles of horizontal wind Mitigation through Global Profiling of velocity via pulsed Doppler lidar Horizontal Winds with a Pulsed Doppler Lidar System 29 Providing Global Wind Profiles: The To accurately measure the 3-D global wind field via multiple Doppler lidars Missing Link in Today's Observing System 30 Earth Sciences from the Astonomer's To observe the Earth in a bulk thermodynamic sense, as an open system Perspective: A Deep Space Climate exchanging radiative energy with the Sun and space via continuous Observatory observation from an L1 orbit 31 Earth Sciences Applications in Human To advocate greater emphasis on environmental causes for disease Health emergence and environmental monitoring of pathogens and vectors, involving disciplines beyond those of traditional biomedical science 32 The Ecology of Global Infectious Disease: To establish a research program using geoscience in combination A Research Program with epidemiology to improve use of satellite data in epidemiological applications and develop requirements for a space-based platform 33 Air Pollution Investigation Constellation To quantify sub-regional emissions of precursors of smog and particulate matter, and the effects of transformation processes over long ranges on air quality, enabling accurate prediction and control of global air pollution via a constellation approach consisting of a MEO/GEO platform with a UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer and thermal emission IR spectrometer and a LEO platform with multiangle spectropolarimetric imager and IR solar occultation instrument 34 Monitoring Climate Change by Solar To monitor climate change via HALOE-type solar occultation instruments Occultation 35 Geostationary Advanced Imager for New To observe the diurnal cycle of the Earth's surface temperature with 1 km Science resolution from GEO 36 Student Reflective GPS Experiment To provide space-based measurements of GPS reflections to determine the utility of measuring Earth surface parameters such as ocean wind speed/ direction, sea surface height, and land surface soil moisture 37 Global Environmental Micro Sensors To make ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution environmental (GEMS) : A New Instrument Paradigm for measurements over an immensely broad range of atmospheric conditions In situ Earth Observation to provide calibration/ground truth for space-based remote sensing systems, expand our understanding of the Earth system, and improve weather forecast accuracy and efficiency well beyond current capability via in situ airborne buoyant probes

Read the entire page →

From page 417...

... , and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) , extending to gravity observation networks 41 The GeoSTAR GEO Microwave Sounder To take temperature and humidity profiles, with emphasis on storms and Mission: The Geostationary Synthetic tropical cyclones and to contribute important measurements to research Thinned Array Radiometer related to the hydrologic cycle via a geostationary dual-array system for microwave sounding measurements 42 GRACE follow-on To contribute to continuous, multi-decadal monitoring of the temporal variations of Earth's gravity field via a GRACE follow-on 43 GNSS Geospace Constellation To contribute to Sun-Earth connection science using transmissions of global navigation satellite systems to measure total electron content, giving information about ionosphere and plasmasphere dynamics via at least 6 LEO spacecraft with advanced GPS receivers tracking existing and anticipated Global Navigation Satellite System signals 44 Glaciers and Ice Sheets Mapping Orbiter To measure the surface and basal topography of terrestrial ice sheets and determine the physical properties of glacier beds via radar 45 Global Aerosol Monitoring Mission To globally monitor the scattering and absorption properties of aerosol particles 46 Global Water Resources Mission To provide a 20-year international plan for enabling society to assess and predict the global availability of fresh water under the influence of weather and climate variability via an international effort consisting of about two dozen satellite systems, each of which is comparable with current operational GEO and LEO satellites 47 Glory To monitor factors influencing radiative balance between Earth and space to improve ability to understand and predict climate change via aerosol and irradiance measurements by a total solar irradiance sensor 48 Geostationary Observatory for To provide a system for humidity and temperature sounding and frequent Microwave Atmospheric Sounding precipitation observation from geostationary orbit via sub-mm and mm wave radiometry 49 A Constellation for High Resolution To provide continuous coverage oceanography for mesoscale process Sea Surface Topography with Frequent characterization and tsunami warning via a constellation of six satellites in Temporal Revisit low Earth orbit 50 Proposition to Observe H2S Emitting To observe H2S emitting from the ocean surface and provide high from Ocean Surface resolution ocean color

Read the entire page →

From page 418...

... 418 EARTH SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS FROM SPACE TABLE E.1 Continued RFI Response Number Response Title Summary Description 51 Decadal Survey Proposal To advocate measurement of the heat flux of the mantle of Earth in order to better understand how the systems of Earth work and interconnect 52 Exploration of the Earth-Sun System To provide global mapping of atmospheric composition every 30-60 from L1 minutes from an L1 vantage point, enabling understanding of the relationship between solar activity and structure and dynamics of Earth's atmosphere 53 Concept Paper Submitted to the Decadal To encourage the Earth and environmental sciences communities to Study Request for Information issued by consider the importance of the "human factor" in usage and interpretation the National Research Council of data and advocate collaboration with cognitive systems engineers to create demonstrably useful and usable human-centered technologies 54 An Autonomous Aerial Observing System To improve our scientific understanding of tropical cyclone genesis for the Exploration of the Dynamics of and intensity change processes by providing the first continuous high Hurricanes resolution observations of the thermodynamic and kinematic evolution of the inner core of a tropical cyclone from genesis to dissipation or landfall via long-endurance UAV platform 55 Detecting Human-Induced Land To obtain an improved understanding of the variation of spatial signature Degradation Impact on Semi-Arid on land degradation in semi-arid tropical regions and how human induced Tropical Rainfall Variability Based on land cover changes can have a direct effect on precipitation in these Measurements from Satellite Products regions via analysis of existing satellite vegetation and precipitation data sets at various spatial and temporal scales 56 Global Hydrosphere Mapper To provide high-resolution measurements of the surface of the ocean and water bodies on land via radar interferometry 57 Biomass Monitoring Mission Lidar To measure the amount of carbon stored in Earth's above-ground biomass Instrument and gain a better understanding of forest ecosystem function in the global carbon cycle via lidar 58 Importance of Outreach and Education To emphasize the importance of outreach and education in communicating science information and new research 59 Infrared Thermal Imaging of the Earth's To routinely measure the thermal energy of the surface of the North Surface American continent and correlate with population distribution and urban centers 60 Observations of Tropospheric To understand roles of tropospheric ozone and aerosols in perturbing the Air Chemistry Processes from a Earth system and understand their effects on the global atmosphere and Geostationary Perspective air quality from GEO 61 Composition of the Atmosphere from To fill gaps in observations of upper troposphere processes, while Mid-Earth Orbit providing a new capability for determining the role of fast processes in linking regional pollution, global air quality, and climate change via measurement of chemical species, ice cloud parameters, temperature, lower troposphere O3, NO2, SO2, CO, H2CO, CH4, BrO, aerosol/cloud properties, and surface UV-B flux using a microwave sounder and imager in MEO orbit 62 Operational Ocean and Land Mission To gather data that can be used in croyspheric, land, land deformation, ecology, atmospheric, and hydrologic applications via synthetic aperture radar, spectometry, and altimetry

Read the entire page →

From page 419...

... UAVs 75 Nightsat To measure the spatial distribution and brightness of nocturnal lighting worldwide at a spatial resolution that permits the delineation of key features found in human settlements via observation in the vis/NIR and thermal bands 76 The Far-Infrared Spectrum: Exploring a To improve understanding of the natural greenhouse effect, atmospheric New Frontier in the Remote Sensing of cooling by water vapor, and the role of cirrus clouds in climate via direct Earth's Climate measurements of the far-infrared portion of the Earth's emission spectrum

Read the entire page →

From page 420...

... and discuss needed development of a hyperspectral data analysis system 90 Polar Environmental Monitoring, To provide continuous environmental and meteorological monitoring Communications, and Space Weather of polar regions, a unique perspective on space weather monitoring of from Pole Sitter Orbit Sun-Earth system, and constant communication links between deep polar regions and the rest of the world

Read the entire page →

From page 421...

... APPENDIX E 421 TABLE E.1 Continued RFI Response Number Response Title Summary Description 91 A radar altimeter for bathymetry, To provide a global map of deep ocean bathymetry and gravity field at a geodesy, and mesoscale oceanography resolution of 6-9 km using delay-Doppler radar altimetry to measure sea surface slope 92 Contributions of Radio Occultation To resolve temperature and water vapor of the global atmosphere with Observations to the Integrated Earth unprecedented accuracy and resolution sufficient to meet requirements of Observation System weather and climate forecasting and climate monitoring via an operational system of radio occultation observations 93 Advanced Limb Imaging Sounder To measure the distribution of upper troposphere and lower stratosphere Experiment Mission temperature, water vapor, ozone, clouds, and aerosols at high vertical and improved horizontal resolution in order to understand the role of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region in the radiative forcing of climate and climate-chemistry feedback 94 Molniya Orbit Imager To extend GOES-type imagery to high-latitudes via an imager in Molniya orbit 95 Robust IR Remote Sensing for Carbon To make daily measurements of the vertical structure of trace gases Monoxide, Methane, and Ozone Profiles including CO, methane, and ozone 96 GRACE follow-on To provide global measurements of terrestrial water, ice, and ocean mass variations via measurement of temporal variations in Earth's gravitational field 97 Spaceborne Advanced Visible Infrared To produce high-resolution maps of reflected and emitted radiance of Imager Concept surface every 8 days via thermal IR imagery 98 Mission of Scatterometer and Along- To acquire high-resolution measurements of both ocean surface current Track Interferometer for Ocean Current and vector wind as a significant improvement over current measurements and Vector Wind Applications via scatterometry and along-track interferometry 99 Sensing of H2O in the Upper To simultaneously measure vertical profiles of H2O and HDO in the tropics Troposphere and subtropics through the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere via IR solar occultation in order to constrain the dominant mechanisms regulating the abundance of water in critical regions of the Earth's atmosphere 100 Draft GPM Overview Document To provide near-global measurements of rainfall, 3-D cloud structure, and precipitation using a microwave imager and a dual-frequency precipitation radar 101 Stratospheric Earth Radiation Balance To investigate stratospheric Earth radiation balance via long-life (SERB) Missions using Balloons stratospheric balloons 102 Structure and Inventory of Vegetated To gain information on composition, density, optical properties, and Ecosystems geometric structure of vegetation canopies and other surfaces using a combined lidar and stereo imager and a multi-angle global imager 103 Surface Observatories and in situ To monitor surface radiative fluxes and cloud and aerosol properties via a Observations in Support of Space-based three-tiered system of surface-based observatories Observations of Aerosols and Clouds

Read the entire page →

From page 422...

... : a Practical resolved water vapor sounding features via a wind imaging spectrometer NPOESS P3I High-spatial Resolution and humidity-sounder Sensor 110 Climate-Quality Observations from To continue lidar cloud observation data record after CALIPSO for climate Satellite Lidar change recognition 111 Advanced ICESat (Ice Cloud and Land To provide/determine polar ice-sheet mass balance; sea-ice freeboard Elevation Satellite) and thickness; high-latitude oceanography and global sea level change; atmosphere-cloud heights and aerosol distributions; land topography referenced to a globally consistent datum; vegetation-canopy heights and structure; river stage and discharge and lake and wetland water storage; glaciers and ice cap dynamics and mass balance, via laser altimeter

Read the entire page →

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Appendix E List of Responses to Request for Information Pages 413-422

Appendix E List of Responses to Request for Information
Pages 413-422