Electrochemical Test Methods to Evaluate the Corrosion Potential of Earthen Materials (2021)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

68 Ahmad, S. (2003). Reinforcement Corrosion in Concrete Structures, Its Monitoring and Service Life Prediction— A Review. Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(4–5), pp. 459–471. Arciniega, J. L., Walker, W. S., Nazarian, S., and Fishman, K. L. (2018). A Process for Optimizing Gradation of Marginal Backfill of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls to Achieve Acceptable Resistivity. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2672(52):251–257. Arciniega, J. L., Walker, W. S., Nazarian, S., and Fishman, K. L. (2019). A Model for Estimating Resistivity of In-Service Backfill of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls Based on Minimum Resistivity and Degree of Saturation. Transportation Research Record, Journal of the Transportation Research Board. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0361198118825121. Brady, K. C., and McMahon, W. (1994). The Durability of Corrugated Steel Buried Structures. TRL, Crowthorne, Berkshire, UK. Borrok, D., Bronson, A., Rocha, S., and Nazarian, B. (2013). Characterization of Coarse Backfill Materials for Prevention of Corrosion of MSE Metallic Wall Reinforcement. FHWA/TX-11/0-6359-1. Center for Transporta- tion Infrastructure Systems, University of Texas at El Paso. Elias, V. (1990). Durability/Corrosion of Soil Reinforced Structures. FHWA-RD-89-186. Turner–Fairbanks Highway Research Center, U.S. Department of Transportation, McLean, VA. Elias V., Fishman, K. L., Christopher, B. R. and Berg, R. R. (2009). Corrosion/Degradation of Soil Reinforcements for Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes. FHWA-NHI-09-087. National Highway Institute, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. Eyre, D., and Lewis, D. A. (1987). Soil Corrosivity Assessment. Contractor Report 54. TRL, Crowthorne Berkshire, UK. Fishman, K. L., and Withiam, J. L. (2011). NCHRP Report 675: LRFD Metal Loss and Service-Life Strength Reduction Factors for Metal-Reinforced Systems. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Hageman, P. L. (2007). U.S. Geological Survey Field Leach Test for Assessing Water Reactivity and Leaching Potential of Mine Wastes, Soils, and Other Geologic and Environmental Materials. U.S. Geologic Survey Techniques and Methods, 5-D3. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Jones, C. J. F. P. (1985). Chapter 10: Durability. In Earth Reinforcements and Soil Structures. Butterworths, London. Jones, D. A. (1996). Principles and Prevention of Corrosion. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. King, R. (1977). A Review of Soil Corrosiveness with Particular Reference to Reinforced Earth. TRRL Supplementary Report 316. TRL, Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. Lehigh Hanson Company. (2019). Crushed Stone Materials. https://www.lehighhanson.com/products/ aggregates/crushed-stone. McCarter, W. J. (1984). The Electrical Resistivity Characteristics of Compacted Clays. Geotechnique, 34(2): 263–267. Oman, M. (2004). Advancement of Grading and Base Material Testing. Office of Materials, Minnesota Depart- ment of Transportation, Maplewood, MN. Romanoff, M. (1957). Underground Corrosion. National Bureau of Standards Circular 579. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. Sagues, A. A., Poor, N. D., Caseres, L., and Akhoondan, M. (2009). Development of a Rational Method for Predicting Corrosion Rates of Metals in Soils and Waters. Report No. BD497. Florida Department of Trans- portation, Tallahassee. Shreir, L. L., Jarman, R. A., and Burstein, G. T. (1994). Corrosion, 3rd ed., Vol. 1. Elsevier. Tait, W. S. (1994). An Introduction to Electrochemical Corrosion Testing for Practicing Engineers and Scientists. PairODocs Publications, Racine, WI. References

References 69 UK Highways Agency. (2000). Design Manual for Roads and Bridges. BD 42/00, Vol. 2, Section 1, Part 2. http:// www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/. Vilda, W. S., III. (2009). Corrosion in the Soil Environment: Soil Resistivity and pH Measurements. Final Report, NCHRP Project 21-06. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/docs/NCHRP21-06_FR.pdf. Wenner, F. (1915). A Method for Measuring Earth Resistivity. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 5(16):561–563. Standards Referenced AASHTO T 288-12. (2016). Standard Method of Test for Determining Minimum Laboratory Soil Resistivity. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. AASHTO T 289-91. (2018). Standard Method of Test for Determining pH of Soil for Use in Corrosion Testing. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. AASHTO T 290-95. (2016). Standard Method of Test for Determining Water-Soluble Sulfate Ion Content in Soil. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. AASHTO T 291-94. (2013). Standard Method of Test for Determining Water-Soluble Chloride Ion Content in Soil. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. ASTM D4327-17. (2017). Standard Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM D4972-19. (2019). Standard Test Methods for pH of Soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM G57-06. (2012). Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Wenner Four-Electrode Method. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM WK24621. (2015). Test Method for Measurement of Coarse Aggregate Resistivity Using the Two- Electrode Soil Box. Draft Document, 08-28-2015, for consideration by ASTM Subcommittee C-09.20. ASTM G187-18. (2018). Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Two-Electrode Soil Box Method. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. DIN 50 929 (2018). Corrosion of Metals—Corrosion Likelihood of Metallic Materials When Subject to Corro- sion from the Outside—Part 3: Buried and Underwater Pipelines and Structural Components. Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardization), Berlin. DVGW GW 9. (2011). Evaluation of Soils in View of Their Corrosion Behaviour Towards Buried Pipelines and Vessels of Non-Alloyed Iron Materials. Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches (German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water), Bonn, Germany. SC-T-143 (2008). Method of Preparing Coarse Aggregate Sample for pH and Resistivity Testing in the Labora- tory. South Carolina Department of Transportation, Columbia, SC. Tex-110-E. (1999). Particle Size Analysis of Soils. Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, TX. Tex-128-E. (1999). Determining Soil pH. Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, TX. Tex-129-E. (1999). Measuring the Resistivity of Soil Materials. Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, TX. Tex-129-M. (2018). Test Procedure for Measuring the Resistivity of Soils and Aggregates. Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, TX. Tex-620-J. (2005). Determining Chloride and Sulfate Contents in Soil. Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, TX. Tex-620-M. (2018). Test Procedure for Determining the Conductivity, pH, Sulfate Content, and Chloride Content of Soil and Coarse Aggregate. Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, TX.