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SUMMARY OF MAJOR TRENDS 38 DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES. An index of total operating revenues and expenditures for doctoral institutions reveals strong, steady real growth during the past three decades. Figure 2-6: Index of Doctoral Institution Operating Revenues and Expenditures NOTE: Index based on financial data computed in 1988 constant dollars. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Revenues consist of current-fund revenues from federal, state, and local appropriations; tuition income, government grants and contracts; private gifts, grants, and endowment income; sales and services of educational activities; and revenues from hospitals, auxiliary enterprise, and FFRDCs. Excluded are revenues for capital purposes and Pell Grants. Doctoral institutions include those institutions which have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades. They include 116 public and 69 private institutions. Expenditures consist of current-fund expenditures for instruction, research, public service, academic support, student services, institutional support, operation and maintenance of plant, scholarships and fellowships, and educational and mandatory transfers and expenditures for hospitals, auxiliary enterprises, and FFRDCs. Excludes expenditures from institutional plant fund accounts. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS): Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education.