Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
ACADEMIC R&D EXPENDITURES 55 SOURCES OF R&D FUNDING: PRIVATE DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS Private doctoral institution R&D expenditures increased from $750 thousand (1988 dollars) in 1958 to $2.5 billion in 1968. After remaining roughly level during the 1970s they climbed to nearly $4 billion by 1988. The federal share of support increased from 66 percent in 1958 to over 80 percent during the 1960s; since then it has gradually declined to its 1988 level of 73 percent. The share contributed directly by the institutions has increased from 3 percent in the late 1950s to nearly 10 percent in the late 1980s. Figure 2-31: Private Doctoral Institution R&D Expenditures by Source of Funds Figure 2-32: Distribution of Private Doctoral Institution R&D Expenditures by Source of Funds NOTE: Data series within the figures are not overlapped; top line represents total. Financial data are expressed in 1988 constant dollars to reflect real long-term growth trends. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Private doctoral institutions are institutions that have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades, and are under the control ofâor affiliated withânon-profit, independent organizations with or without religious affiliation; they include 69 institutions. R&D expenditures include current-fund expenditures within doctoral institutions for all research and development activities that are separately budgeted and accounted for; excluding departmental research not separately budgeted and FFRDCs. Federal funds include grants and contracts for R&D (including direct and reimbursed indirect costs) by agencies of the federal government, excluding funds for FFRDCs. State/Local funds include funds for R&D from state, county, municipal, or other local governments and their agencies, including funds for R&D from at agricultural and other experiment stations. Industry funds include all grants and contracts for R&D from profit-making organizations, whether engaged in production, distribution, research, service, or other activities. Own Funds include institutional funds for separately budgeted research and development, cost-sharing, and under-recovery of indirect costs. They are derived from (1) general purpose state or local government appropriations, (2) general purpose grants from industry, foundations, or other outside sources, (3) tuition and fees, and (4) endowment income. Other sources includes grants for R&D from non-profit foundations and voluntary health agencies, as well as individual gifts that are restricted by the donor to research. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resource Studies, Survey of Scientific and Engineering Expenditures at Universities and Colleges.