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SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEGREES. 95 PH.D. DEGREES BY ETHNICITY: NATURAL SCIENCES During the past 15-years, the share of natural sciences Ph.D. degrees (U.S. citizens and permanent residents) obtained by minority studentsâBlack, Hispanic, and Native Americanâhas increased little, from 2 percent in 1973 to 4 percent by 1988. Asian-Americans have maintained a 6 percent share. The share obtained by white students declined from 93 percent in 1973 to 90 percent by 1988. Figure 2-100: Ph.D. Degrees Awarded in Natural Sciences by Ethnicity Figure 2-101: Distribution of Ph.D. Degrees Awarded in Natural Sciences by Ethnicity NOTE: Data series within the figures are not overlapping; top line represents total. Data include only U.S. citizens and permanent residents. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Natural sciences Ph.D degrees include the following fields: Life sciences, including agricultural, biological, medical, and other health sciences; physical sciences including astronomy, chemistry, and physics; environmental sciences including oceanography, atmospheric and earth sciences; and mathematics and computer science including all fields of mathematics and computer-related sciences. U.S. citizens include all native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States. Permanent residents include all aliens residing within the United States on a permanent visa. White includes persons with origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle-East, except those of Hispanic origin; white also includes persons of unknown ethnicity. Black includes non-Hispanic persons with origins in any of the original black racial groups in Africa. Hispanic includes persons of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Central or South American, or Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. Asian American includes all persons with origins in any of original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent or Pacific Islands. Native American includes persons with origins in any of the original peoples of North America, including Alaskan Natives, maintaining cultural identification through tribal affiliation. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resource Studies, Survey of Recent Science and Engineering Graduates.
