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ACADEMIC PERSONNEL 75 ACADEMIC SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS Scientists and engineers employed by universities and colleges in faculty and non-faculty positions have increased steadily from 120,000 in 1958 to 330,000 in 1988 (full-time equivalent). For the past three decades, doctoral institutions have consistently employed 60 percent of all academic scientists and engineers. Figure 2-66: Academic Scientists and Engineers (FTE) by Institution Type and Governance Figure 2-67: Distribution of Academic Scientists and Engineers (FTE) by Institution Type and Governance NOTE: Data series within the figures are not overlapped; top line represents total. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Scientists and engineers (FTE) include all professional employeesâfaculty and non- faculty personnel and post-doctoratesâemployed full-time by higher education institutions, plus a full-time equivalent for part-time employees, within the broad fields of physical sciences, engineering, environmental sciences, life and health sciences, mathematics and computer sciences, and social and behavioral sciences. Doctoral institutions are higher education institutions that have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades; they include 116 public and 69 private institutions. Other institutions include 1,124 comprehensive institutions that grant at least half of their degrees for courses of study that normally require 4 or more years to complete, and 1,388 2-year institutions that primarily award 2-year associate or technician degrees. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resource Studies, Survey of Scientific and Engineering Personnel Employed at Universities and Colleges.